12 



BULLETIN 851, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Table VII. — Showing relation between size of orchard and farm (218 farms, 



western Neiv York.) 



Groups by acres in orchard. 



Number. 



Acres. 



Yield 

 per acre. 



Farm. 



Orchard. 





27 

 67 

 83 

 35 



84.59 



95.15 



118.03 



191. 49 



4.53 

 7.92 

 15-27 

 29.73 



Barrels. 

 95.7 

 91.9 

 72.9 

 72.8 



StolO 



10 to 20 



Over 20 





Table VII shows that there is a tendency toward higher yields per 

 acre with the smaller orchards, and that these orchards are on the 

 smaller farms. Men on the small farms tend to specialize in fruit 

 growing and have the greater percentage of their acreages in fruit. 

 In considering yields it must be remembered that although the yields 

 of Baldwins and Rhode Island Greenings govern to a great extent 

 the average yield for this district, there are grown on many farms 

 the following varieties: Wealthy, Gravenstein, Alexander, Ben 

 Davis, Twenty-Ounce, Mcintosh, Tompkins King, and Hubbardston. 

 Table VIII shows the yield by years on 218 orchards in western 

 New York. The influence of the Baldwin apple, an alternating- 

 bearer, is evident. 



Table Till. — Yields J/y years on orchards studied in western New York. 



Years. 



Number of 

 orchards. 



Yield. 



1910 



74 



Barrels per 1 

 acre. 

 81.1 

 82.0 

 96.2 

 72.6 

 104.4 

 64.1 



1911 



1912 



1913 



1914 



1915 



180 

 212 

 154 

 179 

 177 



The net cost of production is influenced by the yield. The total 

 net labor cost per acre groAvs greater as the yield increases (but not 

 in proportion), while the net labor cost per barrel grows less. The 

 net maintenance cost is a lower percentage of the total net labor 

 cost on farms where an average yield is high than on those where 

 the yield is low. 



ORCHARD MANAGEMENT. 



There is considerable variation in the methods of orchard soil 

 management followed by western New York apple growers. Many 

 factors influence these methods, among some of the more important 

 of which are nearness to lake, type of soil, and to a great extent the 



