COST OF PRODUCING APPLES WESTERN NEW YORK. 



15 



barnyard manure and a cover crop; (3) barnyard manure, fertilizer, 

 and a cover crop. The majority of annually tilled orchards are in 

 one or another of the above groups. The barrel yields per acre for 

 these groups are 85.8, 85.6, and 86.4, respectively; the maintenance 

 costs per acre $24.34, $26.85, and $28.35, respectively. The chief 

 (lifferences are in the time spent in pruning, cultivating, and spray- 

 ing. The handling costs were about the same in each group, respec- 

 tively, $25.85, $26.42, and $28.74 per acre. The material and fixed 

 costs per acre are $76.72, $85.37, and $93.52, respectively. These 

 variations in costs are due chiefly to differences in the estimated 

 valuation of orchard land, the apple-building charge, the cost of 

 spray material, manure, and fertilizer. The total net cost of pro- 

 duction per acre was $113.67, $125.64, and $133.47, respectively, 

 making a net cost of $1.33, $1.47, and $1.54 per barrel. With yields 

 approximately the same and the cost of production increased by 

 more intensive management, the net returns per acre were least 

 from the orchards in group 3. 



Table XI. — Average maintenance, handling, material, and -fixed costs per acre 

 for orchards, grouped according to methods of fertilizing (western Neic 

 York, 1910-1915). 



Items. 



Yield per acre (barrels)... 



Value apple orchard per 



acre 



Maintenance costs: 



Manuring 



Fertilizing 



Pruning 



Brush 



Plowing 



Cultivating 



Thinning 



Propping 



Miscellaneous 



Cover crop 



Mowing 



Dormant spray. . 

 Summer spray . . . 



Total maintenance 

 cost per acre 



Total maintenance 

 cost per Parrel. . . 



Handling costs: 



Station hauling 



Other hauling 



Picking 



Sorting and packing... 

 Cull labor 



Total handling cost 

 per acre 



Total handling cost 

 per barrel 



Group 

 1 — 

 Ma- 

 nure 

 (44 rec- 

 ords). 



85.8 

 $434. 00 



2.35 



4.99 



2.20 



2.82 



4.73 



.49 



.67 



.06 



.04 

 2.03 

 3.96 



24.34 

 .28 



1.23 

 12.07 

 6.13 



25.85 

 .30 



Group 

 2.— 

 Ma- 

 nure 

 and 

 cover 

 (60 rec- 

 ords). 



85.6 

 $532. 00 



2.31 



4.54 



1.95 



2.73 



5.32 



1.39 



.69 



.04 



.63 



.09 



2.13 



5.03 



26.85 

 .31 



4.87 



.61 



12.10 



7.05 



1.79 



26.42 

 .31 



Group 



3.— 



Ma- 

 nure, 

 ferti- 

 lizer and 

 cover 

 (38 rec- 

 ords). 



8543. 00 



2.26 



.49 



5.51 



2.23 



2.64 



4.78 



1.86 



.74 



.10 



.65 



.08 



1.88 



5.13 



. 33 



4.62 

 .62 

 13.78 

 7.46 

 2.26 



28.74 

 .33 



Items. 



Material and fixed costs: 



Interest 



Apple building charge. 



Equipment 



Taxes 



Insurance 



Spray material 



Gas and oil 



Manure 



Fertilizer 



Barrels 



Seed 



Total material and 

 fixed cost per acre. 



Total material and 

 fixed cost per bar- 

 rel 



Total cost per acre . . 

 Total cost per barrel 



Credits: 



Cull credit 



Pasture credit 



Total credit per acre 

 Total credit per bar- 

 rel , 



Total net cost of produc- 

 tion per acre 



Total net cost of produc- 

 tion per barrel 



Returns per acre 



Net returns per acre 



Group 



Ma- 

 nure 

 (44 rec- 

 ords). 



$21. 67 

 .51 



3.03 



2.00 

 .40 



8.56 

 .51 



9.84 



30.20 



76.72 

 .89 



126. 91 

 1.47 



13.05 

 .17 



13.22 



.14 



113. 69 



1.33 



188. 76 



75.07 



Group 

 2.— 



Ma- 

 nure 



and 

 cover 

 (60 rec- 

 ords). 



$26. 58 

 1.66 

 3.54 

 2.46 



.38 

 9.33 



.62 

 8.51 



30.42 

 1.87 



85.37 

 1.00 



138. 64 

 1.62 



12.52 



13.00 



.15 



125. 64 



1.47 

 188. 32 

 62.68 



Group 

 3.— 



Ma- 

 nure, 

 fertiliz- 

 er and 

 cover 

 (38 rec- 

 ords). 



$27. 13 



3.31 



3.02 



2.11 



.49 



8.32 



.53 



10.67 



5.60 



30.18 



2.16 



93. 52 



1.08 



150. 61 

 1.74 



16.95 

 .12 



17.07 



.19 



133.54 



1.55 

 190.08 

 56.54 



