26 



BULLETIN 851, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



region a great number of larvae appear late in June and early in 

 July. These latter larvae cause serious losses of fruit, owing to so- 

 called " side worm entrance." The control of this pest is extremely 

 difficult. This spray also acts as a means of control if apple scab is 

 present. 



FIFTH AND SIXTH SPRAYS. 



A fifth spray, or second codling-moth spray, is often made during 

 the latter part of July or the 1st of August. 



The sixth spray, occasionally made on late varieties, usually occurs 

 from the middle to the latter part of August. In both of these 

 sprays lime-sulphur, 32° Baume, strength 1 to 40, and lead arsenate 

 5 to 6 pounds to 100 gallons of solution, are used. 



Table XVI. — Comparative labor and material costs per acre when homemade 

 and commercial lime-sulphur solutions are used in spraying bearing orchards 

 (western New York). 



Homemade solution: 



Dormant spray. 



Pink spray 



Calyx spray 



Fourth spray 



Fifth spray 



Sixth spray 



Commercial solution 



Dormant spray . 



Pink spray 



Calyx spray 



Fourth spray. . . 



Fifth spray 



Sixth spray 



Num- 

 ber of 

 grow- 

 ers 

 mak- 

 ing 

 sprays. 



57 

 22 

 60 

 21 

 19 

 21 



149 

 43 



151 

 42 

 61 

 49 



Trees 



per 



acre. 



Acres 

 in 10 

 hours 



4 41 

 4.59 

 4.13 

 4.36 

 5.23 

 3.65 



4.28 

 4.03 

 4.13 

 3.88 

 4.66 

 3.89 



Gallons. 



Per 

 acre. 



278. 97 

 308. 94 

 290. 54 

 301. 34 

 248. 67 

 293. 65 



258.80 

 273. 48 

 268. 51 

 266. 65 

 216. 39 

 303. 25 



Per 

 tree. 



7.75 

 9.36 

 8.30 

 8.61 

 7.54 

 8.16 



7.61 



7.81 

 7.67 

 7.62 

 6.36 

 8.66 



Labor. 



Man 

 hours. 



6.68 

 6.57 

 7.23 

 6.74 

 5.06 

 7.38 



6.21 

 6.60 

 6.35 

 6.69 

 5.27 

 6.71 



Horse 

 hours. 



5.84 

 5.27 

 6.11 

 5.72 

 4.20 

 6.39 



5.46 

 5.73 

 5.62 

 6.07 

 4.71 

 6.08 



Cost per acre. 



La- 

 bor. 



$2.21 

 2.10 

 2.36 

 2.21 

 1.64 

 2.43 



2.06 

 2.18 

 2.11 

 2.25 

 1.76 

 2.25 



Mate- 

 rial. 



$2.67 

 2.23 

 2.05 

 1.96 

 1.70 

 2.11 



4.41 

 2.38 

 2.31 

 2.11 

 1.92 

 2.56 



Total. 



4.33 

 4.41 

 4.17 

 3.34 

 4.54 



6.47 

 4.56 

 4.42 

 4.36 

 3.68 

 4.81 



COMMERCIAL AND HOMEMADE LIME-SULPHUR COMPARISONS. 



One hundred and fifty-four orchardists, or 71 per cent of those 

 visited, used commercial lime-sulphur, and 28 per cent used home- 

 made lime-sulphur. (See Table XVI.) It was found that the ma- 

 terial cost per acre was less where the homemade solution was ap- 

 plied, although usually more material was applied per acre. The 

 labor cost was about the same in both cases. 



It was impossible in this investigation to make a comparative 

 study of the results from the use of the homemade and the com- 

 mercial lime-sulphur. However, with equal care in preparation and 

 application, it would seem probable that there would be little dif- 

 ference between homemade and commercial solutions in fungicidal 

 value. 



