THE FLOW OF WATER IN CONCRETE PIPE. 79 



For additional general information which also applies to this pipe 

 see No. 12a. 



No. 27, Experiment B-l. — 31.5-inch (0.8 meter) experimental con- 

 duit, Dijon, France. 1 — In 1895, M. Henry Bazin conducted a series 

 of experiments upon "a cement pipe, 0.80 meter (31.5 inches) in 

 diameter and 80 meters (262 feet) long. This pipe was straight, 

 perfect in bore, and opened at its extremities into two basins, 2 

 meters wide and 15 meters long, having vertical walls." 



The velocities in the pipe were measured with a pitot tube, operated 

 in one of three shafts, which divided the pipe into four equal parts. 

 Each of these shafts was the full width of the pipe, 0.8 meter, and 0.8 

 meter hi length, measured along the axis of the pipe. The discharge 

 was also measured over a sharp-edged rectangular weir 2.01 meters 

 wide, without end contractions, located 50 meters beyond the lower 

 basin. The coefficient of discharge of this weir had been previously 

 established. 



The loss of head was determined over a reach of 40 meters (131 

 feet) between the two end shafts. "On the right of each shaft was 

 installed a manometer, consisting of a glass tube with a scale, the 

 former being connected with the interior of the pipe by an orifice 

 0.002 meter in diameter, pierced in the wall, without any protuber- 

 ance.'-' Considering the shortness of the reach, reference to Plate VI 

 shows a remarkably consistent set of observation points, indicating 

 an exponent of V equal to 1.971 and values of C s equal to about 0.418. 

 If this value of C s truly represents the condition of this conduit, then 

 a surface smoother than that of the Victoria Aqueduct is indicated, 

 even considering the curvature of the latter. To the writer this is 

 almost inconceivable, in commercial construction. 



No. 33, Experiment N-5. — 46-inch reinforced concrete jointed 

 pipe, R x siphon, Umatilla project, United States Reclamation Service, 

 Oregon. — This pipe, laid in the winter of 1909-10 was tested in 1911 

 and again in 1912 by Mr. Newell and in 1915 by the writer. (See 

 No. 32.) In 1911 the elevations of the water surface in the inlet and 

 outlet structures were determined by the use of hose and pail, men- 

 tioned under No. 24a, and in 1912 a "testing gauge" was used. A 

 close agreement resulted between the two methods of gauging. The 

 experiments by both Mr. Newell and the writer indicate that this is 

 a very efficient pipe. Although not so smooth as the Victoria 

 Aqueduct the absence of curvature gives about the same friction 

 factors. For general information that also applies to this pipe see 

 No. 12a. 



No. 36, Experiment of Bud.au. — 7.22 foot reinforced concrete pipe, 

 Perlmoos cement works, Sell-Leukenthal, Austria. 2 — Prof. A. Budau 

 conducted a series of tests upon a new pipe line serving a power plant. 

 This conduit was 4,200 feet long and 7.22 feet inside diameter. No 

 mention is made in the elaborate description of the tests as to whether 

 the pipe is jointed or monolithic, made over wood or steel forms, 

 coated or as left by the forms, exactly the nominal size or otherwise. 

 The line has several curves in horizontal alignment, but each one 

 covers such a small angle that from the standpoint of capacity the 

 pipe may be considered straight. In profile the pipe is on a con- 

 tinuous gentle down grade. Loss of head was measured with water 



1 Trans. Amer. Soc. Civ. Engin., vol. 47 (1902), p. 246. 



3 Experiments on pressure losses in iron reinforced concrete conduits, by Prof. A. Budau, from the 

 "Zeitschrift des Osterr. Ingenieur und Architekten-Vereinnes No. 8," Feb. 20, 1914, p. 141. 



