ORGANIZATION" AND MANAGEMENT OF FARMS IN PENNSYLVANIA. 



27 



the farm income with practically no expense for extra hired labor 

 in picking. Some farms in this area have soil adapted to the growing 

 of onions, much of which is not being utilized, except for general 

 farm crops. If some of this land were devoted to the onion crop 

 the farm receipts would be considerably increased, and in most 

 cases all of the extra labor required could be done by the family. 



Table XII shows that it is more important to increase the quality 

 of the live stock than to increase the crop yields. However, one must 

 not lose sight of the fact that it is very important to maintain crop 

 yields. 



J FARM FEEDS AND THE SILO. 



The use of silos is becoming quite general, there being 113 on the 

 349 farms studied when this survey was made. Eighty of these 

 silos were on dairy farms. Thus over one-half of the dairy farmers 

 were using silos. During the farm year 11 new silos were built. 

 The average yield of corn for silage was 7| tons per acre, and on 

 several farms the yield was over 10 tons. 



It was possible to obtain accurate figures of the pounds of butter 

 fat per cow on 56 dairy farms that had silos and on 67 farms that 

 had none. Table XIV shows the average investment per farm, 

 average crop acres per man, total feed units required per animal 

 unit, the average number of cows per farm, the sales of butter fat 

 per cow, and the labor income on 56 dairy farms having silos and on 

 67 dairy farms without silos. 



Table XIV. — Average investment per farm, average crop acres per man, averagefeed units 1 

 required per animal unit, average number of cows per farm, the sales of butter fat per 

 cow, and the labor income on 56 dairy farms having silos and 67 dairy farms without silos, 

 Grove City, Pa., area. 





Average 



investment 



per farm. 



Average 

 crop acres 

 per man. 



Average 



feed units 



per anima 1 



unit. 



Average 



number of 



cows per 



farm. 



Average 

 pounds of 

 butter fat 



sold per 

 cow. 



Average 



labor 

 income. 





89,013 

 6,610 



37 

 32 



3,481 

 3,336 



9 

 C 



151.5 



132. 8 



S346 



67 farms without silos 



187 



i A " feed unit" represents the feed value of a pound of corn or its equivalent. 



1 bushel corn= 56 feed units. 1 ton bought f eed= 2,000 feed units. 



i bushel wheat= 60 feed units. 1 ton fodder (stover)= 500 feed units. 



1 bushel oats=29.1 feed units. 1 ton silage=333 feed units. 



1 bushel rye= 56 feed units. 1 ton hay= 800 feed units. 



Feed units computed according to table in Wisconsin Circular No. 37, June, 1912. 



Farmers having silos on their farms fed a little more heavily than 

 those without silos, but they also got a considerably higher butter- 

 fat production per cow. Upon comparing the proportion of con- 

 centrates in the feeds consumed on the two groups of farms, it is 

 found that 38 per cent of the total feed units on the farms having 

 silos were concentrates, while on the other farms concentrates 



