10 



BULLETIN 858, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Table 6. — Requirements for keeping a bull by seasons based on averages obtained from 

 the equivalent of 33 bulls varying from 1 year old to maturity and kept for fractional 

 parts of a year. 



Item. 



Average 

 of two 

 winters. 



Average 

 oftwo 



summers. 



Average 

 oftwo 



years. 



Feed: 



Concentrates — 





335. 

 518.7 



307.7 

 238.3 



642.7 



Home grown 



do.... 



757.0 





853. 7 



546.0 



1 , 399. 7 





do.... 



do.... 



do.... 





Dry roughage— 



Noncommercial • 



Commercial carbohydrate 



Legume 



528.7 

 853.4 

 934.7 



37.2 

 733.3 

 938.1 



565.9 

 1,586.7 

 1, 872. 8 





2,316.8 



1,708.6 



4,025.4 





do.... 



do 







4,331.2 

 645.4 



1,671.6 



6,002.8 

 645. 4 





$4.56 

 11.9 



$4.56 



Human labor 



hours. . 



23.8 



35.7 



Overhead costs: 



$7.83 

 2.89 

 4.12 



$7.83 

 2.89 

 4.14 



$15. 66 





5.79 





8.26 











14.84 



14.86 



29.71 









The reason why the yearly average depreciation per bull amounted 

 to only $5.79 was that many of the bulls increased in size after being 

 taken into the herds, and when sold for beef brought as much as or 

 more than the initial cost. 



SUMMARY STATEMENT OF COSTS FOR THE TWO YEARS, BY SEASONS. 



The cost of the various requirements for keeping a cow and for pro- 

 ducing 100 pounds of milk during the 2 years is presented by seasons 

 in Tables 7 and 8. During the second winter and summer the total 

 cost, except the herd inventory variation, was $7.32 and $3.25 more 

 per cow and 6 cents and 16 cents more per 100 pounds of milk, re- 

 spectively, than during the corresponding seasons of the first year. 

 The cost per cow and per 100 pounds of milk did not increase in the 

 same proportion the second year because of the variation inseasonal 

 production of the herds. That there was an increase of only 6 cents 

 in the cost of 100 pounds of milk during the second winter over that 

 of the first, as compared with $7.32 increase in the cost of keeping a 

 cow during the same period, is the direct result of the higher produc- 

 tion per cow during the second winter. 



The high increase in the cost of producing 100 pounds of milk 

 during the summer of the second year and the comparatively small 

 increase in the cost per cow, is due to a lower average production 

 during this period than during the summer of the first year. Higher 

 feed prices the second year account in most part for the higher cost 

 per cow during that period 



