MARKETING EASTERN GRAPES. 9 



Goethe, Lindley, Virgennes, Ulster, and Wyoming; and of the blue 

 or black varieties, the Campbell, Clinton, Cynthiana, Ives, Isabella, 

 North, and Wilder. Of these, the Duchess, the Elvira, the Ives, the 

 Norton, and the Cynthiana were used largely for wine, and it is ques- 

 tionable whether the continued production of these varieties will be 

 found profitable, on account of the various commercial weaknesses 

 each one possesses. The Ives, however, has been successfully used for 

 the manufacture of grape juice, and this market outlet may be 

 further developed for this variety. 



METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR MARKET. 



The changes forced upon me grape industry by recent legislation 

 necessitate the most careful and businesslike handling of the crop. 

 Astonishingly large numbers of growers and shippers are entirely 

 unacquainted with methods and channels of distribution employed 

 in other sections. Accordingly, this study and report have been 

 made on comprehensive lines. 



PICKING. 



In picking, the bunches are cut from the vines with short, sharp 

 spring scissors or grape shears and are laid in the tray or picking 

 basket. This tray is usually placed on a low stool which is carried 

 along the rows. The stool makes for efficiency and higher quality, 

 as it is unnecessary for the picker to bend over each time a bunch 

 is placed and the damage to the fruit which would result from care- 

 lessness in throwing or dropping the bunches into the container is 

 avoided. When full, the trays or baskets in which the fruit is 

 picked are placed in the row under the vines to be collected later. 

 Stone boats or narrow double-turn wagons are used to collect the 

 full containers and carry them to the packing house or station. 



TRIMMING AND PACKING. 



For a high-class pack some trimming is usually found necessary 

 to remove defective berries. Although the fruit' is seldom affected 

 by insect pests, in some sections the second brood of larvse of the 

 grape-berry moth feeds on the inside of the berry, resulting in a 

 shrunken condition or in so-called " wormy " grapes, which at times 

 cause serious damage but of a kind which does not spread. The 

 black rot often destroys many berries in a cluster and sometimes the 

 entire cluster, while infection by the powdery mildew may destroy 

 the marketability of individual berries or whole bunches. Also, in 



178922°— 20 2 



