poisoisroirs metals on sprayed eruits and vegetables. 



-are taken up by the blood, and poisoning can occur only if the necessary quantity 

 enters the circulation; and that to forbid copper in foods and drinks is to forbid those 

 plants which take it up from the ground, and also to designate the use of bread and 

 chocolate as dangerous to the health. 



Lelimann reported the following amounts of copper per kilogram 

 in various plant and animal substances: In wheat, 7.5 milligrams; 

 in cherries, 1.5 milligrams; in pears, 0.5 milligram; and in beef liver, 

 from 6.4 to 59 milligrams (71) (73). He stated (72) that the species 

 of the plant had far less influence than the quantity of the copper in 

 the soil on the amount taken up by the plant. 



In 1891 objections to the use of American apples because of the 

 presence on them of arsenic were made in certain British journals. 

 However, Maynard (85), Munson (97), and Fletcher (38) proved 

 that the objection had no basis in fact, and later (10) (103) (126) it 

 became apparent that such objections to sprayed fruit in England 

 were neither very general nor very deep-seated. 



Table 1 shows the amount of arsenic and copper found by R. C. 

 Kedzie (66) on fruit sprayed with Bordeaux mixture and London 

 purple in 1892 and 1893. 



Table 1. — Arsenic and copper on fruit sprayed in 1892 and 1893 with Bordeaux mixture 

 and London purple {Kedzie). 



Fruit. 



Date sprayed. 



Date 

 picked. 



Spray used. 



AS2O3. 



CuS0i.5H20. 



Strawberries 



Do 



1892. 

 June 18, 23 



. ...do 



1892. 

 June 24 



do,'.... 



6^-32 Bordeaux, 1 pound Lon- 

 don purple, 200 gallons water. 



2-H-32 Bordeaux, 1 pound 

 London purple, 200 gallons 

 water. 



6-4-32 Bordeaux, 1 pound Lon- 

 don purple, 200 gallons water. 



2-H-32 Bordeaux, 1 pound 

 London purple, 200 gallons 

 water. 



6-4-32 Bordeaux, 1 pound Lon- 

 don pui-ple, 200 gallons water. 



Grains 

 0. 0440 



.0298 



.0882 

 .0250 



.1210 

 .0503 

 .0098 



.0233 



.0372 



.0088 



per pound. 



4.870 



1.821 



Red cherries 



Do 



June 18, 30 



. ...do 



July 6 

 do 



.390 

 .252 





June 30 



May 25, June 



7, 18, 30. 

 June 6, 28, 



July 8. 



June 18, 29, 



July 8, 22. 

 do 



July 1 

 July 8 

 July 20 



Aug. 2 

 -do . 









Raspberries 



Gooseberries 



Do 



2-1 3-32 Bordeaux, 1 pound 

 London purple, 200 gallons 

 water. 



6-4-32 Bordeaux, 1 pound Lon- 

 don purple, 200 gallons water. 

 .do 



.028 



.601 

 .362 



Pears 



June 15, July 

 7, 21, Aug. 7. 



1893. 



May 15, June 



12, July 10. 



May 14, June 



10, 18, July 



15. 



do 



Sept. 6 



do 



.0738 



Do 



No London purple, 2-2-32 Bor- 

 deaux. 

 First 3 dates, 2-2-32 Bordeaux; 



.100 



Russian cherries. . 







.147 



Plums 





last date, "eauceleste." 



do _ 





.200 











The skins from 1 pound of the sprayed pears gave 0.106 grain and 

 the flesh gave 0.071 grain of copper sulphate, "showing that while 

 most of the copper salt adheres to' the surface, a portion finds its 

 v^ay into the body of the fruits." 



