KANGE AND CATTLE MANAGEMENT DUEING DROUGHT. Go 



having the cattle in the pasture as compared with outside range 

 where stock were scattered over much larger areas with only four 

 bulls per hundred cows. This poor bull distribution and difference 

 in condition of the cows at critical times as compared to the special 

 herd are mainly responsible for the difference in calf crop in the 

 two herds. 



The Jf2-head herd. — The drought interfered with the handling of 

 the 42,-head herd, but the- results of one year have great significance 

 in the possibilities of increasing the calf crop. The cows in this lot 

 were run by themselves during the main breeding season of 1917 in 

 a fairly large pasture with but one bull, but all came to a single 

 watering place every day or everj^ other day, so that the bull came 

 in contact with all of them. The condition of these cows was about 

 the same as in the 500-head herd, the 42 cows being fed during the 

 winter as part of the special herd. 



All but one of the 42 cows brought calves in 1918. While it is not 

 safe to draw conclusions from a single trial, the results in this herd 

 of cows indicated the possibility of securing large returns in calf 

 crop when efficient bull service is assured and the cows are kept in 

 good condition. 



CALF PRODXTCTION SUMMAEY. 



The calf crop for all the herds on the Jornada Range Reserve for 

 the period 1916 to 1919, inclusive, shows an average of 22 calves more 

 per 100 cows, or 60 per cent greater production than the average in 

 herds on other range in the vicinity where little or no attention is 

 paid to condition of breeding stock, distribution of bulls, and other 

 influencing factors. The average in the special herd is 32.8 calves 

 more per 100 cows, or 87 per cent bigger calf crop. The greatest 

 variation is 80 calves per 100 cows in the special herd on the reserve 

 in 1918, as compared with 25 calves for the same number of cows on 

 outside range. These results are due mainly to provision of sufficient 

 winter range and supplemental feeding during the critical period of 

 the year and greater care in the distribution of the bulls. Compari- 

 sons of the results in different years in the various herds on the 

 reserve further emphasizes the importance of these factors. The 

 largest calf crop has been obtained each year in the special herd, 

 with the exception of the one year's record for the 42-head herd. 

 In the special herd, however, there was a marked drop in 1917, when 

 the cows were allowed to get poor for a short period during the 

 latter part of the breeding season of 1916. Again, in 1919, 28 calves 

 less per 100 cows than the maximum average of 80.5 calves for 1916 

 and 1918 is thought to be due entirely to the lack of a sufficient num- 

 ber of bulls for the size of pasture the herd was in and the lack of 

 riding to keep the bulls properly distributed during 1918. 



