82 BULLETIN 1031, IT. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



tributed among 500 cows when range is not rough and 4 bulls per 100 

 cows are used. A few cows with a single bull in a small pasture 

 also secures efficient bull service. 



The heavy losses from starvation in time of drought may be 

 avoided by adjusting the number of stock to what the range will 

 carry. The heavy loss during the usual critical period of the year 

 may be prevented by reserving a supply of winter range for use 

 during that period, avoiding long distances between feed and water, 

 and feeding a small percentage of the poorest cows. 



Supplementing the range forage with a small amount of some 

 concentrated feed, such as cottonseed cake, will usually save the weak 

 cows that otherwise would perish. 



Chopped soapweed may be fed to advantage when the forage is 

 getting short. 



Early weaning of calves and careful handling of stock, including 

 segregation of the weakest cows, are also important points in reduc- 

 ing losses. The extra care and feed will pay for itself in cattle 

 saved. 



Losses from blackleg may be made almost negligible by prompt 

 vaccination. Dipping is effective in keeping stock free of scabies 

 and lice. 



The low price received for steers from the Southwest as compared 

 with those from other localities is due mainly to the stunting in 

 growth when the feed on the range is dry, from early winter until 

 rains the following summer. Feeding a small amount of cottonseed 

 cake or some such feed should aid materially in keeping the young 

 stock growing over this period and cause them to respond quickly 

 to green grass when it comes. 



LIST OF PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO THIS SUBJECT (ARRANGED 

 CHRONOLOGICALLY). 



Div. Agros. Bull. 16, Grazing Problems in the Southwest, by J. G. Smith. 

 1899. 



Bur. Plant Indus. Bull. 4, Range Improvement in Arizona, by David Griffiths. 

 1901. 



Bur. Plant Indus. Bull. 67, Range Investigations in Arizona, by David Grif- 

 fiths. 1904. 



Bur. Plant Indus. Bull. 117, The Reseeding of Depleted Range and Native 

 Pastures, by David Griffiths. 1907. 



N. Mex. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 66, The Range Problem in New Mexico, by 

 E. O. Wooton. 1908. 



Bur. Plant Indus. Bull. 177, A Protected Stock Range in Arizona, by David 

 Griffiths. 1910. 



Ariz. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 65, The Grazing Ranges of Arizona, by .1. J. 

 Thornber. 1910. 



Proc. Soc. Amer. For. VII : 160-7, 1912. Range Improvement and Improved 

 Methods of Handling Stock in National Forests, by J. T. Jardine. 



