CHAPTER III. RESULTS OF THE TESTS. 



The results obtained by the various tests are given chiefly in the 

 form of curves, which shovt^ graphically the similarity or dissimilarity 

 of the creosotes examined. The data are given in tables in the 

 Appendix. 



COAL-TAR CREOSOTES. 



Figures 18a, 19a, and 20a show the indices of refraction, the spe- 

 cific gravities, and the sulphonation residues, respectively, of the 



various fractions of creosotes 

 obtained from horizontal retort 

 tars. The data from which 

 these curves are drawn are 

 given in Tables 39, 40, 41, and 

 42. Particular attention is 

 directed to the narrowness of 

 the ranges of specific gravity, 

 index of refraction, and sul- 

 phonation residue of these 

 creosotes. Figures 18b, 19b, 

 and 20b show the indices of re- 

 fraction, the specific gravities, 

 and sulphonation residue of 

 the fractions obtained from 

 creosotes from inclined retort 

 tars and from one vertical 

 retort tar, the latter being 

 plotted in a dotted line. Fig- 

 ures 18c, 19c, and 20c show 

 the same curves for Semet- 

 Solvay tar creosote, and figures 

 18d, 19d, and 20d show the 

 curves for other by-product tar 















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TEHPERATURe "C 



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' Fig. 18. — Index of refraction values of fractions of 

 authentic coal-tar creosotes. 



A. Horizontal retort-tar creosotes. 



B. Inclined retort-tar creosotes. Dotted line ver- 



tical retort-tar creosote. 



C. Semet-Solvay tar creosotes. 



D. Otto-tar creosotes. Dotted line — Koppers-tar 



creosote. 



creosotes. In these figures the dotted lines are for Koppers tar 

 creosote and the other lines are for Otto tar creosotes. Figure 21 

 shows summaries of the same results for each type of measure- 

 ment. The 80° lines represent the range for coke-oven tar creosotes, 

 the 45° lines represent the range of horizontal retort tar creosotes, 

 and the 20° lines represent the range for the inclmed retort and verti- 

 cal retort tar creosotes. 



Particular attention is called to figures 20a, 20b, 20c, and 20d^ 

 which represent the sulphonation residue of the various fractions. 

 It will be noted that most of the maximum sulphonation residues are 

 38 1 



