COAX,-TAE AlsTD WATER-GAS TAR CREOSOTES. 



43 



next oldest the next greatest residue. Only one by-product tar 

 creosote exceeded 2 per cent sulphonation residiTe in any of its 

 fractions. 



WATER-GAS-TAR CREOSOTES. 



The data obtained on the water-gas-tar creosotes examined are 

 shown in figure 24. In figure 24c attention is again directed toward 

 the fractions from 260° to 300° C, the sulphonation residues being 

 greater in general than in any other fractions obtained in distillation. 

 This is the same as the indication on coal-tar creosotes. Very few 

 data were obtained on the temperatures at which these tars were 

 produced. It is, however, to be noted that the oils showing the 

 highest indices of refraction, the highest specific gravities, and the 

 lowest sulphonation residues were produced at the highest tem- 



(tew 









^** 



■" 



"— 



-— 







"" 













































1 























1 



1.620 















// 









.1.610 













/ 



/ 



// 















/ 



V 





} 





f 



5* 









*i 



^ 



) 



/ 







/ 



ti 









1^ 



^ 



^ 



/ 







' 



S|.S90 









■^ 





^ 



A 















_^ 



F^ 



/^ 







f 



ui.seo 

















N 





^ 



— = 



^^ 



(^ 





/ 



, 





^S 









^ 



'/ 



/ 



'/ 











,^ 





S 1.570 









>-? 



=r 





-- 



/ 



/ 







/ 











^ 



/ 







i.seo 











— 



— 













/ 































































1.540 







L 





_J 



L 



J 





_ 



J 



i.oeo 

















~ 



"^ 





1.070 



































1 



/ 





















1 



/ 



; 



1 



1.060 



















h 























ij 





















J 





















/ 



1 















/ 



{/ 





// 



/ 



'I 



>- 











rf 



/ 





/ 



Vl 



1 



_ 1.030 









/f 



7 



/ 





// 



ll 





% 









^/ 



// 





// 



/ ^ 



>! 





^ 









j 



/ 



//. 



U 



/■j 



1 





t 





/ 



^ 



/ 



'/ 





A 



/ / 













ly 



/ 









/ 





/ 













^ 









/ 













^ 



ff\ 







/ 















^ 



// 





^ 



/ 















^' . 



A 







y 



f' 



.080 







L_ 



"^ 











_ 





































































/ 























<' 



^ 





- 

















1 









\ 



i" 















^ 



f 



















^ 























/ 



' / 



















/ 





/ 





y^ 



L^ 



y 





s 







/ 





L 



^ 



y 



y 





\ 





X 





s 







// 





/ 







\ 





s^ 





s 









/ 





/ 







\ 









1 



f 



V/ 



■^ 



\ . 



'V 



i 



r 







1 





Yy 



^ 



^ 



y 



\ 











/^ 





f^ 



"/- 



y 







\ 





"■ 



/ 



/ 







^/ 



1 





y 





_\ 



S 







1 , 



/ 





/ 



^, 



^ 











2 





/ ^ 



<^ 





7^ 



;<> 



^ 



'-- 







^ 



/, 



^ 



/ 



^ 



"" 



~- 





v 



r 







/A 



P^ 



r^ 















[ 



o 



I— - 



B 



260 280 



c 



Fig. 24. — Physical and chemical measurements effractions of all authentic water-gas tar creosote. 

 A. Index of refraction values. B. Specific gravity values. C. Sulphonation residues. 



peratures, and in one or two instances the temperature is given at 

 between 1300° and 1400° F., equivalent to 700° to 750° C. 



Out of 19 water-gas tars 5, or approximately one-quarter, produced 

 creosotes having 2 per cent or less of sulphonation residue. Eight 

 produced creosotes having 5 per cent sulphonation residue. All of 

 these tars were manufactured in plants that are using temperature 

 regulation in the operation. In this age of scientific management a 

 closer control of manufacturing operations may reasonably be 

 expected, which will result in a probable increase in water-gas tar 

 having a low sulphonation residue. 



Statistics on the annual production of water-gas tar are given in 

 Table 6. In 1912 the total production was nearly one-half of the 

 total production of coal tar. The amount sold, however, was only 

 one-quarter of the amount of coal tar sold. 



