﻿BARRIER FACTORS IN GIPSY MOTH TREE-BANDING MATERIA!,. 13 



the strip of paper (3) was placed in its way, Horizontally (in horizontal relation 

 to stake), then got on the paper and finally on the writer's hand and arm. 



The caterpillar was placed a fourth time. It began rearing and swinging 

 its head quite violently when about 3 inches below the band, and at 2 inches 

 below reared and swung ifs head so violently as to turn almost completely 

 around. It did not advance, however, on swinging back to its former position 

 on the stake; instead it reared, swung round as before, and started downward, 

 the interposed strip of paper failing to check it or to cause it to turn upward 

 again. 



The caterpillar was placed a fifth lime. It hesitated noticeably at the start 

 and swung its head two or three times when about 1 inch from the band, thence 

 crawled slowly and when close to the band reached up and touched it with the 

 first pair of legs and mouth parts, following which it swung down. This was 

 repeated soon after, and again soon after that, touching it three times instead 

 Of once. After a pause about 1 inch below the band, it got to the band again, 

 slowly, and swinging on as before touched it twice, then swung down and 

 crawled downward, coming to rest finally on the strip of paper, which was 

 placed in its way (about 3 inches below the band), and which it approached 

 without hesitation. On becoming active soon afterwards it turned around, got to 

 the stake again, and started to crawl up it, but swung down almost at once, and, 

 turning round, crawled the full length of the strip of paper to the writer's 

 hand. 



When placed a sixth time the caterpillar hesitated at the start, crawled up 

 slowly, and stopped altogether about 1 inch below the band (opposite the 

 bridge). On resuming soon after (at a diagonal), it got to the band (b.iro 

 part) and swung up toward it but swung quickly down — touching it lightly if 

 at all. Then it got around nearer to the bridged part and swung up, close to 

 the latter, with the first pair of legs, and after touching the bare material with 

 its mouth parts swung over on the bridge. Touching here (on the cloth) once or 

 twice, it swung off the band altogether. It swung back, however, on the bridge, 

 and, continuing upward, along the edge, crawled up and across. (The cloth 

 was moist — saturated — and the difference in odor between the bridged and bare 

 parts of the band was slight.) 



The caterpillar was placed a seventh time. It moved up slowly, and when 

 about | inch below the band 14 reared and swung the fore part of its body three 

 times, seemingly as if it might turn downward each time. This was repeated 

 about i inch farther up ; then the caterpillar crawled hesitatingly to the band 

 and reached up with the first pair of legs, but on touching it also with its mouth 

 parts it swung down quickly and turned downward. It turned upward again, 

 however, after getting twice into the flour-paste band (4) (which was placed in 

 its way in the same manner as 3) with its mouth parts — for several seconds the 

 first time and for two seconds the next — but soon turned downward and on get- 

 ting into the paste band again, with the first pair of legs as well as with the 

 mouth parts, it turned upward once more. After two or three pauses and some 

 swinging of the head, it reached the band (on the opposite side from the 

 bridge). It swung on with the first pair of legs, but on touching it with the 

 . mouth parts it swung quickly down again. It swung on and off, as above, at 

 short intervals, at different points on the band, six more times — touching it 

 thrice, several times before swinging down — following which, the eighth time, 

 it swung upon the bridged part, and in this instance it continued upward — hesi- 

 tatingly, and SO' crawled across, continuing to the top of the stake (1.13 p. m.). 

 The caterpillar got off the cloth slightly, on bare banding material, at least four 

 times, twice on each side, while crossing. 



Previous to this, caterpillars were,- in the same manner, compelled to cross 

 similar bands, with bridges respectively 1 inch, £ inch, and i inch wide. 



SERIES III. 



Finally, in a third and last series, caterpillars in several instances 

 were forced, by means of flour-paste (flour and water) and flour- 

 molasses bands, into and on much higher (higher than themselves), 

 and in some cases wider, naked (horizontal) gipsy moth tree-banding 

 material bands; and in two cases where the banding material was 

 rather firm the caterpillars actualty crossed the bands. On the other 

 hand, efforts in the reverse process, as a check measure, to compel 



u See footnote on p. 9. 



