120 INSECTIVOEA. 



a hyperapophysis, and in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th cervical vertebrae of one skeleton 

 of T. ellioti there are more distinct indications of this process. 



A pair of autogenous hypapophyses occur on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th cervical 

 vertebrae, and a single tubercular exogenous hypapophysis on the atlas and a bifur- 

 cate one on the axis. The double processes are rather widely apart and loosely 

 attached to the posterior margin of each of the three vertebrae. 



In the caudal region the hypapophyses are well developed and bear haema- 

 pophyses. The latter are autogenous products arranged in pairs in the two first 

 caudal vertebras, but forming a perfect osseous autogenous arch in the following 

 four or five vertebrae, posterior to which they become united to the hypapophysis. 

 The 12th dorsal vertebra, and the vertebrae intervening between it and the last 

 lumbar, have the mesial line of the under surface of each marked by a more 

 or less prominent ridge, which is most so in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th lumbar 

 vertebrae, becoming hardly perceptible in the 5th and 6th. In the 3rd it is pro- 

 jected downwards at its anterior half as a distinct process. The nutrient foramina 

 of the centra lie on either side of these ridges about the middle of the vertebrae, but 

 become more widely apart as they are traced to the dorsal vertebrae, where they 

 disappear at the 12th. 



The articular surfaces of the atlas for union with the condyles of the skull are 

 rather deep, owing to the forward prolongation of the antero-external angles of the 

 vertebra which form their upper extremities. The facets are directed downwards, 

 backwards, and inwards, and their upper extremities are most markedly concave and 

 defined externally by a notch. 



The base of each transverse process is perforated by a foramen for the 

 vertebral artery, which opens internally on the inner aspect of the articular facets 

 from the condyles of the skull. This inner foramen is the termination of three other 

 foramina, one of which is situated at the base of the neural lamina close to the ridge 

 of the process, and looks forwards and outwards ; another occurs below the transverse 

 process, and is directed forwards and downwards ; while a third, leading through a 

 very short osseous canal, is situated externally on the posterior margin of the base 

 of the neural lamina. The articular surfaces from the axis are broad above, but 

 taper to a point below. 



The odontoid process of the axis is short and shghtly curved upwards and 

 forwards. There is a well-marked tubercular swelling in the position of the 

 metapophyses. The transverse processes are very fully developed. Posterior to the 

 odontoid process, there is a short feeble ridge which bifurcates posteriorly, termin- 

 ating in a pair of small processes, a small foramen occurring in the angle of 

 the fork. 



The pre-sternum is a half longer than the first meso-sternal piece, and is dilated 

 anteriorly into two wings separated by a median ridge, the posterior half being 

 contracted to a narrow rod, along which the ridge is continued. The wings are 

 slightly concave anteriorly and flat posteriorly, with the first rib attached to the 

 external angle of their posterior margin. 



