MANIS. 347 



species. In external characters, also, these supposed species are the exact fellows of 

 M. javanica. 



As sufficient prominence has apparently not been given to the peculiar glandular 

 sac in the stomach of the members of this genus, I take the opportunity to describe 

 the stomach and the relation of the gland. 



The stomach of Manis aurita presents a well-marked, downwwardly concave 

 lesser curvature, the centre of which corresponds to the division of the stomach 

 into two well-defined portions, the cardiac and the pyloric, the former of which 

 considerably surpasses the latter in capacity, and is distinguished from it by the 

 thinness of its muscular walls as compared with those of the pyloric section. The 

 pyloric orifice is situated at a much lower level than the opening of the oesophagus 

 into the stomach. On laying open the stomach the longitudinal folds of the 

 oesophagus are prolonged along the inner wall of the lesser curvature as far as 

 the base of the concavity. Prom this point the finer folds of the oesophagus are 

 replaced by a strong mucous fold which is continued along the lesser curvature 

 to near its end, where it suddenly enlarges into a rounded head which contracts 

 and fits into the pylorus as a plug. The folds of the oesophagus are also prolonged 

 on to the right half of the anterior wall of the cardiac cavity, but the remainder 

 of the inner wall of that sac is thrown into a dense mass of strongly con- 

 voluted mucous folds or rugae. The pyloric portion has a thinner mucous mem- 

 brane than the preceding, and is rough, almost tubercular, and nearly devoid 

 of convolutions, and the plug of its duodenal orifice is covered by tubercles almost 

 spinose. Situated on the greater curvature of the stomach, immediately opposite 

 to the oesophageal orifice, is a large glandular swelling marked internally by a wide 

 patulous orifice, which leads into a limited chamber in the glandular nodosity. 

 This appears to correspond to the structure which has been described by Eapp ^ 

 as consisting of a series of glandular follicles, the ducts of which terminate in 

 a common orifice, and which has also been referred to by Professor Plower in his 

 lectures on the Organs of digestion of the mammalia.^ In the stomach are generally 

 to be found small stones and gravel. 



In a gravid uterus of M. pentadactyla the foetus was developed in the right 

 horn, and the general form of the organ resulting from this circumstance was 

 similar to what obtains in the Mare, Tapir, Camel, and Dolphin when the foetus is 

 developed in the same horn. The lips of the os uteri externum were composed of 

 the free ends of a series of fine lamellar folds which lined the interval, three quarters 

 of an inch in length, between it and the os uteri internum. These folds in 

 their lamellar character resembled the folds which occur in the Cetacea, and are 

 described by Prof. Turner^ in liis admhable account of the arrangement of the foetal 

 membranes of that group. The right horn of the uterus was enormously enlarged, 

 and was directly continuous with that portion of the cavity of the viscus which lay 

 between the opening into the right and left horns and the os uteri internum. The 



1 Edentata, 1852, p. 16. 2 Medical Times and Gazette, vol. ii, 1872, No. 1170, p. 592. 



3 Trans. Eoy. Soc. Edin. vol. xxvi. 1871, p. 473. 



