374 CETACEA. 



the upper lip, by a wavy ridge containing fifteen small conical teeth on the right 

 side completely hidden below the skin. 



Faucial region. — This is marked by longitudinal folds continuous with those of 

 the pharynx and at the base of the tongue. Papillae like those of the tongue also 

 occur on the sides of the fauces, where they have a similar relation to the orifices 

 of the racemose glands (PL XXVII, fig. 3, go). These latter structures are numerous 

 in the fauces, and their ducts are wide and patulous. When the mucous membrane is 

 reflected they are found to cover not only the base of the tongue and sides of the fauces, 

 but to invest the broader portion of the palate except in a narrow space in the middle 

 line. They form a dense layer extending from the root of the epiglottis along two- 

 thirds of the distance between that point and the angle of the mouth, and when dis- 

 sected out they resemble a little forest of glands on the reflected mucosa. These 

 structures (fig. 4) measure on an average 0*70 inch in length. Each has the appear- 

 ance of a flask with a long neck, and when cut open the duct is found to dilate 

 into a large chamber in the body of the flask, into which the secretion of the lobules 

 which invest the chamber is thrown by a few small ducts, the chamber resulting 

 from the confluence of a number of smaller ducts. The lining membrane of the 

 chamber is clear and glistening, and each receptacle was filled with a grumous mass. 



(Esophagus. — This tube is thrown into numerous longitudinal folds, and the 

 surface generally is perforated by the minute orifices of mucous crypts. About 10 

 inches from its stomachal opening there are a few glandular masses about 0*06 inch in 

 diameter, but I have not been able to detect more than four or ^yq. They consist of 

 little wart-like clusters (fig. 6) raised above the mucous membrane. The number 

 of primary lobules in each varies, the most compound having as many as six 

 lobules. These lobules are rounded externally and have converging apices, which, 

 however, do not meet in the middle of the gland which is traversed transversely by 

 a clear space covered with the epithelium of the oesophagus. The apex of each 

 presents a dark area. Under a power of 350 diameters each lobule is seen to be 

 composed of a series of secondary lobules, all of which along with the primary 

 lobules are enclosed in a fibrous capsule. 



Stomach. — No organ in the body of whales seems to have given rise to so much 

 ! controversy as the stomach, no two authors absolutely agreeing as to the number of 

 cavities even in the same species.^ In the allied genus Globicephalus, the passage 

 between what I term the 2nd and 3rd cavities has been regarded as a cavity, and 

 again the duodenal expansion (PI. XXVII, fig. 5, iv.) has been reckoned also as a 

 gastric cavity. The number of chambers then would seem to depend on the mode 

 of counting them rather than on their presence or absence in particular cases. 



The stomach of Orcella (PI. XXVII, fig. 5) consists of three cavities, 

 and of an intervening narrow funnel-shaped channel between the second and 

 third sacs. The first division is the largest. It is regularly pyriform in shape, 

 with its base towards the left and its apex to the right side, but bent round 



> Consult H. M.-Edwards, Lemons sur la Physiologie, &c., t. vi., for the literature of this subject up to 1861 : 

 also Flowers' Lectures, Medical Times and Gazette, vol. ii. 1872 : Turner, Trans. Eoy. Soc. Edinr. 



