618 AVES. 



Very common on the outskirts of long grass, or on shrubs in the open. I did 

 not observe it on the Kakhyen hills, although it is very common at Tsikkaw at 

 their base, on the Burmese side, and it appears to extend to the valleys on the 

 Chinese face of those hills, as I shot a female at Momien. 



The Calcutta Museum possesses a young female of this species from the north 

 of Simla. The general colour is a light cinereous brown vinaceous, rufescent on the 

 breast, passing into pale rufescent buff on the abdomen. The head, neck, back, chin, 

 throat and breast are spotted with white, the spots small on the upper parts, and 

 large on the hinder surface. It is smaller than the general average of Indian 

 birds. 



85. Fratincola indica, Blyth. 



Saxicola rubicola, Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 91, 1832. 



Saxicola saturatior, Hodgs., in Gray^s Zool. Misc., p. 83, 1844. 



Fratineola indica, Bljih, Journ. As. Soc, Bengal, vol. xvi, p. 129, 1847; id., Cat. B. Mus., As. Soc, 

 Bengal, p. 170, 1849; Bonap. Consp., p. 305, 1850; Gould., B. Asia, pt. xv, pi. xii, 1863; 

 Jerdon, B. Ind., vol. ii, p. 124, 1863 ; Beavan, Ibis, 1867, p. 446; Gray, Handl. B., i, p. 228, 

 1869; Blanford, Ibis, 1870, p. 466; Godwin- Austen, Journ. As. Soc, Bengal, vol. xxxix, 

 p. 106, 1870; Swinhoe, Proc Zool. Soc, 1871, p. 360 ; Cock. & Marsh., Stray Feathers, 1873, 

 p. 355; Stol., oj). cit., 1874, p. 464; Ball, t. c, p. 413; Butler, op. cit, 1875, p. 475; Blyth 

 & Walden, Journ. As. Soc, Bengal, vol. xliv, 1875, extra No., p. 102, 1875; Butler, Stray 

 Feathers, 1876, p. 35; Scully, ^. c, p. 142; Fairbank, t. c, p. 259; Brooks, t. c, p. 274; 

 Armstrong, t. c, p. 327; Taczanowski, Journ. fiir Ornith., 1876, p. 194; Hume, Stray 

 Feathers, 1877, p. 36 ; Butler, t. c, p. 229; Hume, t. c, pp. 241 and 242, et seq. 



Fratineola saturatior, Horsfield & Moore, Cat. B., p. 285, 1854. 



Fratineola robusta, Tristram, Ibis, 1870, p. 497; Hume, Stray Feathers, 1877, p. 131. 



Fratineola ruhieola, Hume, Stray Feathers, 1873, p. 183; id., Lahore to Yarkand, p. 204, 1873; 

 id.. Stray Feathers, 1874, p. 233; op. cit., 1875, p. 134; id.. Nests and Eggs, p. 316, 1873. 



Upper Burma. 



Bhamo, 22nd and 28th January 1868. 



Tsitkaw, 7th and 9th February 1875. 



Sand flats below Bhamo, 31st January 1875. 



Sawady, Sand flats above, 31st January 1875. 



Ponsee, 13th March 1868. 

 n. juv. Manwyne, 3rd May 1868. 



0. p. q. 5 r. juv. Momien, 30th May to 1st June 1868. 



A male shot at Bhamo on 22nd January has the head, neck, and back black, 

 but the feathers of the nape are finely edged with rufous, and those on the back, 

 wing coverts and rump, broadly so. In one, shot on 13th March, only a very few 

 feathers on the middle of the back are tipped with rufous, and in another, shot on 

 31st May 1868, there is no trace of rufous on any of the feathers on the upper sur- 

 face. The only difference I can detect in females shot at the same intervals of 

 time is a tendency in the rufous of the under parts to become darker. Two young 

 birds shot on 3rd and 30th May are dark-brovm above, with a central rufous streak 

 on the head feathers, and a broad rufous spot with a brown tip on each of the 

 feathers of the back. The wing coverts are broadly edged with rufous, and the 



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