18 



Art. 4.— K. Torii et K. Torii : 



anciens livres chinois, les 

 diverses tribus qui peu- 

 plaient la Mandchourie 



et la presqu'île coréenne. 

 Enfin, dans ces derniers 

 temps, les français Cha- 

 yannes (11) et Deniker (12) 

 revenant à l'idée d'Abel 

 Rémusat, enseignèrent que 

 les Tongousses de Sibérie 

 étaient véritablement les 

 descendants clesTong-hou; 

 tandis que le Japonais 

 Shiratori (13) entrant un peu 

 plus avant dans la ques- 

 tion, et se basant sur une 

 réelle affinité de langue, 

 fit des Mongols actuels, les 

 frères des antiques ïong- 

 Hou, et rejeta l'idée que les 

 Toungousses sibériens et 



Fig. 7. Famille Barakha Monocle. Par Toru. 



„ taken. It is no crime to kill a father or elder brother. Deserters or rebels captured by the 

 ,, head chief are, if no tribe will receive them, relegated to a place of limbo in a sandy desert, full 

 „ of snakes, north-east of the nomads of Kuldja and south-west of the Kankalis. The hordes 

 ,, decreased in numbers and power after the conquests of the conqueror Meghder, and they had to 

 „ pay to the Hiung-nu a regular tribute in oxen, horses aud sheep : if this tribute was not ready 

 „ by due date, their wives and children were carried off. But after the great Chinese victories 

 „ over the Hiung-nu in B. C. 120 the Wu-hwan were removed to what is now the northern part 

 „ of Chih Li province between Kalgan, Dolonor, Jèhol, and Moukden where they served the 

 „ Chinese as scouts and as a sort of " buffer " state. The head chieftain or chieftains used to 

 „ come to the Chinese court once a year. A Chinese political resident was appointed with the 

 ,, double duty of superintending their administration and preventing their communicating with 

 „ the Hiung-nu, very much as the Manchu amban in Tibet in our time keeps an eye upon the 

 „ doings of that hierarchy. Between B. C. 8B and 73 the Wu-hwan so gained in strength that, 

 „■ as has been related, they dug up the tombs of the Zenghis in order to avenge the wrong's done 

 „ to their race by Meghder. The result was that they were worsted, and the Chinese, we have 

 „ seen, took the opportunity to administer a further kick when they were down. Their raiding 

 „ attempts met with little success, and they gradually fell back upon the Wall and gave in 

 ,, their adhesion to China. This is all we know of their history and doings up to the beginning 

 „ of our era. 



(11) E. Chavannes, Voyageurs chinois, Journal Asiatique XI pag. 389. 



(12) J. Deniker, Les races et les peuples de la terre, pag. 432. 



(13) K. Shiratori, Tôko-JIinzokukô (considérations sur les Tong-hou.) Journal historique de 

 Tôkio. 



