74 Art. 4. -E. Torii et K. Torri : 



Chapitre Quatrième. 



Objets en bronze laissés par les Tong-Hou. 



Dans les stations en ruines Tong-Hou de la Mongolie Orientale, 

 on rencontre un peu partout, de nombreux objets en bronze mêlés 



„ in the possession of the United States National Museum in Washington, but all of these are 

 „ incomplete. Those represented in the valuable paper by Walter Hough on primitive 

 „ American armor come respectively from Cape Prince of Wales and Diomede Island. Apparent- 

 „ ly there is no difference between them and the specimens brought from the Asiatic shore. 

 ,, Mr Hough mentions, besides, four arinor-plates of fossil ivory from Cape Wanqirê man, on the 

 ., Arctic shore ; also nine iron plates found together with the ivory armor in a bog at Cape Prince 

 „ of Wales. According to a communication of Capt. E. P. Herendeen, quoted by Mr. Hough, 

 ,, the Chukchee of Plover Bay, i. e., probably the Ai'wan Eskimo, wore a cuirass made of long 

 „ Strips of baleen ; but from Capt. Herendeen's words it is not clear whether he saw this kind 

 „ of armor or only repeats the words of the natives. At the present time no trace of armor made 

 ,, of whalebone can be found on the spot. 



„ One specimen of armor made of hide is represented in my description of the Chukchee 

 ,, collection of the Museum of Anthropology, St. Petersburg. Another one, also from Siberia 

 ., and quite similar in shape, is represented on Plate 4 of Hough's paper. 



„ This kind of armor is evidently an imitation in skin of plate armer. It is made of 

 „ horizontal bands of seal-skin instead of rows of ivory plates, the rings telescoping together 

 ,, like the hoops of a farthingale when the armor is not in use. Mr. Hough compares this type 

 ,. of armor to the banded mail of the middle ages. 



„ A stiff hide head-protector is fastened above the armor. It evidently served to protect the 

 „ neck from behind and from both sides. Mr. Hough campares it to the neck-fender of the 

 „ Kingsmill Island armor. 



„ The specimen of hide armor now in St. Petersburg is made of ground-seal skin. According to 

 „ Mr. Hough, the armor in Washington is made of sea-lion hide ; but I should think rather that 

 „ it also is made of ground-seal skin, because sea-lions are scarce near the shores of the Chukchee 

 „ Peninsula. 



,, As stated before, iron armor has of late been very common among the Chukchee as well as 

 „ among the Koryak. The expedition obtained two sets of armor from the Chukchee and three 

 „ from the Koryak, also parts and separate plates of several other sets of armor, besides the 

 ,, armor of Japanese make mentioned before. In the region of the Palpal Mountains and on the 

 ,, upper course of the Big River, which is a southern tributary of the Anadyr, many of the 

 „ Reindeer Koryak and Chukchee still carefully keep such armor as heirlooms from their ances- 

 ,, tors, and do not want to part with it at any price. One rich reindeer-breeder by the name of 

 „ Ka'ka, gave as a reason, that he might have need of it in strife with some of his neighbors. 



„ The specimens brought back, as well as others seen in the possession of the natives, consist 

 „ of several rows of narrow iron plates, laced together with Strips of leather and easily folded. 

 „ The shape of the plates, and the manner of connecting them, are quite similar to those 

 „ observed on the curious remnants of Gilyak armor collected by Schrenck. The number of rows 

 ,, ranges from six to ten. Sometimes the plates have rounded edges, which are adorned with 

 ,, small notches. The measurements of a single plate are, breadth, 2—4 cm.; length, 6-13 cm. 

 „ The armor opens at one side, and the edges are tied together with narrow strips of leather. 

 „ Of five suits of armor obtained, three open on the right side, and two on the left side. A 

 ,, square piece of tough hide, or a piece of board covered on both sides with thin curried reindeer- 



