Populations Primitives de la Mongolie Orientale. 75 



aux poteries grossières et aux silex. Ce sont, pour la plupart, des 

 pointes de flèches, des bracelets, des bagues, des agrafes de cein- 

 turons, etc.. qui tous sont de fabrication et d'importation chinoises. 



„ skin, is laced to the front of the armor. It has toggles, which are fastened to the straps 

 „ passing from the back over the shoulders. These traps support the whole weight of the 

 „ armor, which, when quite complete, must have weighed not less than fifty pounds. 



„ A head-protector made of thin wooden boards, likewise covered on both sides with curried 

 ,', skin, was firmly laced to the upper edge of the armor from behind and from the sides. All the 

 ., specimens obtained by the expedition or seen in the field have a head-protector consisting of a 

 „ central piece and one side-wing ; but, judging by tracas of the fastening, they formely had two 

 „ wings, as indeed Mr. Jochelson has been told by his Koryak informants. The whole was 

 „ arranged in such a way as to protect the head and the neck from the rear and from both sides. 

 „ The central piece consists of a square board about 1 cm. thick. Its outer surface was decorated 

 „ with geometrical designs in black and red, or with pieces of tin fashioned after Sussian 

 „ patterns. The side-wing consists of several narrow paralled boards sewed between two layers 

 „ of skin, so that the wing is movable. My Chukchee informants, both on the Kolyma and on 

 „ the Anadyr, insisted that the armor was one-sided, and had only one wing, destined to protect 

 ., the left hand like a shield ; while the right hand, armed with a spear or a bow, did not need 

 „ a shield. Mr. Gondatti, according to his verbal communication, was told the same. It is 

 ., remarkable that, of the four specimens having a wing on the head-protector, two from the 

 ., Chukchee have it on the left side, and two from the Koryak have it on the right side ; but, 

 „ according to Mr, Jochelson's informants, the latter were used by left-handed men, who 

 „ evidently wanted to have their left hand free for the use of the bow br the spear. Thus the 

 „ Koryak informants seem partly to share the idea that the head-protector was one-sided. The 

 ,, specimen of hide armor in the collection at Washington, however, has two wings of equal size. 

 ., Both have loops fastened from the inside which evidently were slung across the arms. Each 

 ., wing had two loops; but one of those on the left wing has been destroyed, and indistinct 

 „ traces of its fastening are the only indication of it. "When the armor was used, the left arm 

 ,. probably had one of the loops around the elbow and the other around the wrist, and was 

 ,, somewhat raised for covering the face with the left wing. The right arm probably had one 

 „ loop near the shoulder and the other near the elbow, thus leaving the lower part free for 

 „ handling the bow. In trying on the specimen, I found that this method was quite in con- 

 „ fortuity to the position of the wings. The wings of the head protectors on the specimens 

 „ in the collection of this Museum also have loops fastened from the inside. On the sketch of 

 „ Mr. W. Alexander made in 1797, representing a Chukchee warrior in hide armor, the head- 

 „ protector has two wings, but the left hand is concealed within the armor, probably behind the 

 „ shield-like part, while the right hand is quite free, and the right wing serves only as a neck- 

 „ fender. The ivory armor of Helsingfors, represented by Eatzel, has only a narrow neck-fender 

 „ and no wings. Perhaps there were several ways of arranging the head-protector on the armor. 



„ Two photographs taken in the field show the modern ideas of the natives as to the man- 

 „ ner of wearing armor. One was taken at Mariinsky Post of a man who claimed to have 

 „ learned the way from his father. The latter died in 1903 at a very old age. Another is that 

 „ of Ka'ka, whose name was mentioned above, and who claimed to have actual occasion for using 

 ,, his armor. 



„ Several helmets were brought by the expedition both from the Koryak and from the 

 „ Chukchee. That represented in Pig. 89, c, is quite similar in shape to the helmet of the 

 „ Gilyak, although it has two iron ear-flaps hanging down on both sides, and no neck-fender. 

 „ Another helmet of the Chukchee, in the collections of the Academy of Sciences at St. Peters- 

 „ burg, has a neck-fender quite similar to the Gilyak specimen. 



„ Greaves and arm-guards were also used. They were made of hide and of iron. The 



