c,2 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



cene times, and that their remains were carried from their 

 original resting- places and subsequently deposited in the later 

 lacustrine beds, and diluvial deposits of Post-Tertiarj^ age, or 

 in the deposits of our present water courses. Numerous inci- 

 dents of this character have been noted by the writer. Some 

 of these will be referred to in the consideration of Man and his 

 Contemporaries. In consequence of this uncertainty as to the 

 epochs in which these animals lived, it is impossible to follow 

 well-marked lines of demarcation between the Pliocene and 

 Post-Pliocene, or Quarternary, and I will not attempt to confine 

 the consideration of the animals of those epochs within such 

 lines. 



Other animals of the Pliocene and Uuarternary disappeared 

 from our continent at about the same time as did the horse. 



The ^lastodon, IMammoth. the American Elephant, Rhi- 

 noceros, Tiger, Camel and Hippopotamus, all of which formerly 

 inhabited California, are now represented by other species of 

 the same i>enera living in the tropical regions of the Old 

 World. 



In the absence of satisfactory proof that the large mannnals 

 above-named originated on this continent, we are obliged to con- 

 sider them as having migrated from the Orient, probably 

 from Southwestern Asia and Africa (where their ancestral 

 forms have been found in the Tertiary formations), by way of 

 a land connection where the Bering Straits now separate Amer- 

 ica from Asia. 



That typical generic forms of animal life did not originate 

 on more than one of the great continents contemporaneously, 

 but were disseminated from one common center, has been dem- 

 onstrated by scientific research, and it is probable that our 

 large extinct tropical mannnals migrated from their original 

 homes during periods when there was land communication b^ 

 tween the Oriental Continents and America. 



The Mammoth (Elephas primigenius) being fitted for life 

 in the temperate, or still colder regions, remained in the high 

 latitudes. The American Elephant, i\rast()d(ni, Rhinoeei-os. Hip- 

 popotamus. Tiger and other tropical animals migrated further 

 south, A^^iere subsequent changes probably caused their ex- 

 tinction on this continent. 



The differences between the fauna and flora of North and 



