SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 99 



Wolf— Dr. Leidy called the wolf Canis Indianensis and 



says : ' ' The fossil specimen pertaining to a wolf consists of a 

 right ramus of a lower jaw. The specimen indicates an ani- 

 mal larger than any individuals of the recent wolves of North 

 America and Europe." The measurements as compared with 

 those of wolves from Oregon and Europe show the fossil to be 

 considerably larger than the living species. 



Mastodon — On page 231 of the above named report, Dr. 

 Leidy says: "Dr. Lorenzo G. Yates has communicated to the 

 writer a list of localities in which he has discovered remains of 

 mastodons in that State (California). Specimens collected by 

 him were sent to Professor C. U. Shepard, of Amherst, Massa- 

 chusetts, who has submitted them to the examination of the 

 author." "One of the specimens, a last inferior molar tooth, 

 represented in figures 1-2, Plate XXI, was found, together with 

 the mutilated lower jaw and upper molars, at Oak Springs, in 

 Contra Costa County. The remains were obtained from the 

 rock at the base of one of the rounded hills, of Tertiary age, 

 mentioned in Professor Whitney's Geological Survey of Cali- 

 fornia, p. 32, stretching along near the edge of the San Joaquin 

 plain. According to Mr. William M. Gabb, the formation be- 

 longs to the Pliocene Tertiary period." (See pi. 9.) 



"A small photogi-aph, sent to me by Dr. Yates, exhil)its the 

 lower jaw without the ascending portions behind, and with 

 straight tusks projecting with an upward direction. The tusks 

 appear to be as long as the jaAV was in its complete condition." 



Another specimen received by Professor Leidy from Pro- 

 fessor Shepard "consists of the fragment of a tusk, from Dry 

 Creek, Stanislaus County, California. It was discovered by Dr. 

 Yates imbedded in the bluff of a hill, about ten feet above the 

 bed of the creek. The hill, upward of a hundred feet in height, 

 is one of those mentioned in Professor Whitney's Geological 

 Survey as being scattered over the San Joaquin plain, at the 

 base of the foot-hills of the Sierra Nevada." 



"The specimen XXX is remarkable from its exhibiting 

 characters which indicate the species to have been nearly re- 

 lated with the Mastodon angustidens of Europe." 



In the "List of Localities of Fossil Elejhants and Mastodons 

 in California," read at a meeting of the Philadelphia Academy 

 of Sciences in 1873, referred to by Professor Leidy, the writer 

 noted nineteen localities of the Mastodon, four of them discov- 

 ered by himself; nine localities where the fossil elephant (Ele- 

 phas americanus) had been found in California, four of which 

 were discovered by the writer, at one of which he discovered 

 the large tooth presented on Plate 10. 



