SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. loi 

 PREHISTORIC FAUNA OF CALIFORNIA. 



PLATE X. 



Upper molar of fossil elephant (Elephas americanus), said 

 to be "the largest tooth on record; discovered by the writer in 

 Quaternary deposit; Alameda County, California. A portion 

 of a tusk was found with the tooth, which measured eight 

 inches in diameter, or twenty-four inches in circumference. 



DIMENSIONvS OF THE MOLAR TOOTH 



Length of body of the tooth, 385 millimeters (15i/s inches). 

 Antero-posterior diameter of grinding surface, 215 milli- 

 meters. 



Transverse diameter of grinding surface, 100 millimeters. 

 AVeight twenty-five pounds. 



Since that time several new localities have been discov- 

 ered; one on the Island of Santa Rosa, California, where the 

 writer discovered a portion of the tusk of a fossil elephant, 

 and later, Messrs. Voy and Blount found the teeth and bones 

 illustrated on plate No. 10, which were erroneously reported 

 as Elephas primigenius, or "Mammoth." 



The latest find which has come to the writer's knowledge 

 is that of some of the vertebrae of fossil elephant, together with 

 other mammalian bones which have not been determined. 

 They were found on the tlope Ranch, near Santa Barbara, 

 while excavating a tunnel to convey water from the Santa 

 Inez Mountains to a lake, under the supervision of Mr. J. K. 

 Harrington, who sent them to the writer for determination. 



Fossil Ox. — The fossil ox (Bison latifrons, Leidy), has been 

 found in several localities in California. Two of the last upper 

 molars in the Yates collection are illustrated on plate XXVIII, 

 of Prof. Leidy 's Report (loc. cit.). An entire skull excepting 

 the lower jaw was discovered in Alameda County, in close prox- 

 imity to elephant's teeth and tusks. It had the largest horn- 

 cores of any specimen on record, but unfortunately, when the 

 writer moved to Santa Barbara, the specimen not being packed, 

 was left with a friend. It was afterward accidentally destroyed. 

 Its dimensions, as compared with other skulls, were as follows: 



Fossil Ox. Living Buffalo. 



Distance between base of horn core . 15 inches 12 inches 

 Length of horn core along lower 



curvature 21 inches 12 inches 



Breadth of occiput 12 inches 10 inches 



Depth of occiput 7 inches 6 inches 



The horn cores of the fossil were six inches in diameter. 



