12 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY 01 SCIENCES. 



■wholly different from those of the present day, but the priests 

 of Sorbonrne compelled him to retract such irreligious views. 



Hutton in the last part of the eighteenth century lirst clearly 

 concieved the idea that the science of zoology alone is a view of 

 Nature in continuous movement — a life history — an evolution 

 of Nature, all other sciences, including astronomy, being but 

 "flash-light views of Nature." 



Lyell showed that "causes now in operation" are producing- 

 similar effects under our eyes, of changes which have been go- 

 ing on since the beginning of time. 



In the early years of the eighteenth century William Smith 

 laid the foundations of stratigraphy, and Cuvier, hj his studies 

 of the wonderful discoveries of extinct mammals in the Eocene 

 Basin of Paris, opened up to the mind of the student in a 

 clearer light the existence of other time worlds before the pres- 

 ent one. 



It is neither essential nor practicable in this short abstract 

 to follow the various opposing theories as to how the changes 

 in the sea, earth and its inhabitants were brought about, as 

 claimed by Neptunists, Plutonists, Catastrophists and Uniformi- 

 tarianists, as these opposing factions were eventually reconciled 

 by scientific assimilation. 



The Catastrophists held that the whole history of the earth 

 consisted of a series of sudden, violent, supernatural catastro- 

 phies which exterminated all life on the globe. These were sup- 

 posed to be followed by periods of quiet, during which the new 

 earth was re-peopled by direct act of creation, with new forms 

 of life adapted to the new conditions. Species were supposed 

 to have been created at once, out of hand, without natural pro- 

 cess. These spread in all directions, and remained unchanged 

 until another luiiversal catastrophe exterminated them. 



The great apostles of this theory were Cuvier and Buckland. 



Lyell advocated the theory of uniformity of changes in the 

 inorganic world, but he admitted the supernatural catastrophic 

 changes in organic nature. After the publication of Darwin's 

 "Origin of Species," Lyell embraced the new theory, which 

 reconciled the opposing theories, and became generally ac- 

 cepted. 



PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. 



"The Codling Moth." Division of Entomology. Bulletin Xo. -il U. 

 S. Department Agriculture. 



"Olive Oil and its Substitutes." Bureau of Chemistry. Bulletin No. 

 77, F. S. Department of Agriculture. 



' ' Bee Products in Arizona. ' ' No. 48, Agricultural Experiment Station^ 

 University of Arizona. 



