28 BULLETIN 651, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



yearlings in the spring, $4.98. These values indicate that there 

 were either too many cattle, the quality was very poor, they were 

 not properly distributed on the farms, or they were not of the right 

 kind; that is, too many steers were kept in place of cows. Most 

 of the cows having a considerable percentage of Jersey blood in 

 them would, if bred to good bulls, soon produce high-grade dairy 

 cattle well adapted to the region. It is utterly impossible, however, 

 to raise calves to 9 months old for $4.98, and many times it is good 

 luck to the farmer, as stated by many of them, if the calf dies or 

 is killed when it is born. There is practically no market for veal 

 calves in this area, but if good bulls were used, a better grade of 

 cattle, that could be raised profitably, would soon be obtained. 



There were three hogs of all kinds per farm on hand January 1, 1915. 

 Pigs 3 months old were commonly valued at $3 to $5 apiece. One 

 reason for the high price of pigs was that many farmers did not want 

 to keep a sow, preferring to buy pigs of some one who raised them to 

 sell. Cotton-mill employees also bought pigs, thereby increasing the 

 demand. With the economic situation, existing at the time of this 

 survey, conditions on the farms are not favorable for the growing of 

 hogs except for the home meat supply. This is shown by the fact 

 already stated that, as related to crops, hogs occupy only 14 per cent 

 of the place in Anderson County that they did in 1840. One unfavor- 

 able condition is the high cost of producing corn and the consequent 

 small amount that is now grown. Hogs went out of Anderson County 

 as corn went out. Another drawback is that the soil is not suitable 

 for pasturing peanuts, as is done in some parts of the coastal plain 

 section of the South where there is less clay in the soil, as the rooting 

 of the fields in wet weather puddles the soil and puts it in poor con- 

 dition for future crops. A third reason is that cowpeas, which are 

 used in growing hogs, do not do as well as in the lower part of the 

 State. Hogs, however, sufficient for home consumption are profit- 

 able on these farms. 



The conditions in this area are also unfavorable for the production 

 of beef cattle. One proof of this is the remarkable decline in the 

 relative importance of cattle to crops within the last three-quarters 

 of a century. The high cost of producing feed is another. The pro- 

 duction of beef cattle divides itself into two phases — one the produc- 

 tion of stockers and feeders, and the other the finishing of the cattle 

 for the market. The former requires cheap range, and the latter 

 cheap concentrated feed. In Anderson County the value of the land 

 is high as compared with the range or grazing it affords. Including 

 woodland and waste land, the average value of the 112 farms sur- 

 veyed was $57.06 per acre, when only 52.8 per cent of this was in 

 cultivation, most of the remainder being in woodland. With this 



