BREAKAGE OF EGGS IN TRANSIT. 7 



straw, if packed tightly enough to prevenl the shifting of the load, 

 greatly decreases refrigeration. In order to secure the benefit of the 

 cold air from the bunkers (p. 25) and at the same time use straw as a 

 huffing, a small frame was made from scantling, as shown in figure 2. 

 It fitted closely across 

 the car, was the height 

 of an egg case, and just 

 wide enough to go into 



the Space not filled by f ig . 2.— Frame placed in front of ice bunker to keep 

 the e°'°" cases. The lids tne stnuv buffing from blocking the cold-air exit in 

 „ 1 • i straw-buffed cars. 



or cases were laid on 



the frame to keep the straw from falling through, and on them the 

 buffing was placed in the usual manner. As an additional means 

 of securing efficient refrigeration, one row of cases was omitted from 

 the first layer, and the extra space divided into runways the entire 

 length of the car. In this way it was possible for the cold air to 

 circulate from bunker to bunker. The solid load above held the 

 lower layer in place. 



BUFFING THE LOAD WITH WOODEN FRAMES. 



It has long been the custom of many shippers to fill the excess 

 space in egg cars with some sort of wooden framework, 1 known as 

 "braces," "racks," or "frames" (fig. 3). Grain doors, where avail- 



Fig. 3. 



-A modern frame used as buffing to fill a large space in doorway of car. Built 

 of 2 by 4's made in 2 sections with struts between. 



able, are also employed for this purpose. The underlying require- 

 ment for the successful use of any of these devices is that the space 

 shall be completely filled and the load in both ends of the car tight. 



In a comparatively small number of cases ready-made frames of 

 some sort are obtainable. Even so. the supply is not always ade- 



1 For the purposes of this report, the filling of excess space in the car to prevent shift- 

 ing of the load during railway travel will he called " buffing." regardless of the kind of 

 material used. 





