Bromus sccalinus I.. ClR-at. Chess. 



An iiifri-iniont waif, failing to become- I'stalilislu-d, as sniiis to l)c lis status 

 ihroUKlioiit llu- state. (iK'nilalc and I.us .\n>{eli-s Uivei, Davidson in IS'M. .N.itivi- 

 111 Kurasia. 

 Bromus scopariua I.. 



.Sant.i H.iili.ir.i, Somes, ace. (n llililic. in Jipsmi, I'l. ( ,il. l",i. X.itivc of I'luioiie. 

 Bromus stcrilis I.. 



.Malilij.i, \'i-ntuia County, G. B. Macleal in 18^7. .Not ollu-iwise known from 

 the st.ite. Niilive of Europe. 

 Bromus unioloides III3K. Schrader's Brome- grass. 



Common in cultivated liclds, in gardens, ahout houses, and by roadsides. In 

 like pl.ices in the Mojave Desert, at Barstow and in Panamint Valley, in 1V15. 

 Probably native of Mexico. 



Bromus villosus Forsk. var. Gussonei Asclurs. & Graebn. B. maximus l)( sf. Itioncho 

 Cirass. 



First found in San Bernar<lino, in small amount, in a stubble lielil, in Water- 

 man Canon, in 1888. Orange, Davy in lyfK). Los Angeles, "rare and local," Davidson 

 in 18W. This grass spread willi as great rapidity, and is now as abundant, as 

 B. rubens, not only in the south, but throughout the state. It ascends the moun- 

 tains more commonly, and to a greater altitude, than that species. Lvtle Creek, 

 San Antonio Mts., 5,750 ft. alt.. Hall in 1900, and Cuyamaca Mts., 2,500'ft. alt., in 

 1899. In the Mojave Desert at Kramer, Barstow and Leastalk, Parish in 1915. The 

 earliest collection in the state was in a cultivated field at Mission Dolores, .San 

 Francisco, about 1862. Other collecticns are: Lake Tahoe, Lemmon in 1889; Castro- 

 ville, Davy in 1901; Napa, Jepson in 1892. Native of Europe. 



This grass and B. rubens are, on the whole, the most obnoxious weeds in 

 southern California. Being virnal in their growth, they are not as troublesome 

 in cultivated grounds as in fallows and the dry soils of plains and hills, which 

 they often occupy, to the exclusion of the native vegetation. As a result, some 

 delicate indigenous herbs, formerly abundant, are now rare. The two species 

 seldom grow together, the broncho grass usually monopolizing the l)etter soils, 

 while B. rubens can occupy the most arid hillsides, which it covers with a dense 

 depauperate growth. Both species Tire sparingly eaten when young by stock, but 

 are jiractically worthless as forage, and soon drying up they become a serious 

 fire menace.'' 

 Lolium perenne I^. Rye- grass. 



Naturalized and common by waysides and in meadows. Native of Europe. 

 Lolium perenne L. var. italicum Hook. L. multiflorum Lam. Italian Rye- grass. 



An infrequent waif. Old San Bernardino in 1891. Ojai, Hubby in 1896. A va- 

 riety of cultivation nowhere known as indigenous. 

 Lolium temulentum L. Poison Darnel. 



Naturalized and common by waysides and in meadows. In the Mojave Desert, 

 at Needles, Jones in 1901. The poisonous character of this grass is now ascertained 

 to be due to the toxic properties of a fungus in the tissues under the seed coat, 

 present only when the grass is thus diseased. Native of Europe. 

 Lolium temulentum L. var. arvense Bab. 



Distribution the same as that of the species: in most places more abundant, 

 and notably frequent in grain fields. Native of Europe. 

 Monerma cylindrica Cos. & Dur. 



Occasional along the seacoast. Oceanside, on the borders of a pond and by 

 the roadside, in subalkaline soil. Parish in 1897. Ballona, Abrams in 1901, and Mes- 

 mer in 1902. La .Tolla, Clements in 1914. Colegrove, Moxley in 1915. Naturalized 

 about San Francisco and Stockton. Native of Europe. 

 Lepturus incurvatus Trin. 



Occasional along the seacoast. San Diego, Abrams in 1902. Santa Catalina 

 Island, in a desiccated pond at Pebble Beach, Parish in 1916. Ventura, Aenes Chase 

 in 1910. Santa Barbara, Hitchcock. Also at San Francisco. Native of Europe. 

 Hordeum gussonianum Pari. 



"Occasional about the coast marshes." ace. Abrams' Flora Los Angeles. War- 

 ner's Ranch, Hall in 1910. Shoestring Mine, Antelope Valley, Parish in 1914. Re- 

 ported to be frequent in northern California. Native of Europe. 

 Hcrdeum murinum L. Wall Barley. 



Widely and abundantly naturalized in cultivated grounds, notably in over- 

 grazed pastures, and in waste places; mostly in dry, sandy soils. Coming up 

 abundantly in alfalfa fields in the spring, this grass injures the quality of the first 

 cutting of hay. Throughout the state, and in 1890 reported by Hilgard to be "a 

 fearful nuisance" in central California. Both this and the next species were quite 

 as abundant thirty-five years ago as at present, and were probably early intro- 

 ductions. They have little value as pasturage, even when young, and are worse 

 than worthless when dry. Native of Europe. 

 Hordeum nodosum L. 



Distribution and abundance about as that of the last species, with which it 

 often grows. Native of Europe. 



'■'For further notes on these bromes, see Parish, S. B. in Muhlenbergia, 5:109-113. 

 1909. 



