COMPOSITAE 

 Cichorium Intybus I.. 



A casual on streets. Satita Uarliara, Gray in ISSO. San Hcinardino, Parish 

 in 1.S''5, 1"'H. Slicrinan, Braunton in 1902. San UicKn, Brandegee in 1904. Kivcrsidc, 

 Reed in 1905. Kialln, Robertson in 1906. Upland, Johnston in 1918. Not cultivated 

 in our rc-Rion. Native ot Europe. 



Picris echioides L. Bugloss. 



.•\dventive in the coast towns of l.os Angeles and Orange counties. Huntingtou 

 Beach. Condit in VW>. Santa Monica, Parish in 1913. Domitiguez jiuirtinn, Moxlery 

 in I'M-). .Mcsnier, Johnston in 191". Santa Ana, "a recent iiil nHhut ion," A. J. 

 Perkins in I'U". S;in Bernardino, a very recent introduction. Parish in 1917. A 

 common street weed in the Bay region. Native of Europe. 

 Tragopogon porrifolius L. \'egetable-oyster. 



Xaturalizeil and fre(|uent in streets and waste places at Santa Monica, Parish 

 in 191ti, 1"'18. I, OS Angeles, Davidson in 1903. Native of the Mediterranean region. 

 Rhagadiolus Hedypnoides All. 



Infre(|uent and local. Los Angeles, T. W. Minthorn in 1905. San Diego, 

 K. Brandegee in 1906. More northern collections are: Mariposa, Congdon in 1895; 

 Sonoma county, Eastwood in 1902. Native of Europe. 

 Hypochceris glabra L. Cat's ear. 



Locally naturalized. Garvanza, Grant in 1904. Pasadena, McClatchie. Red- 

 lands, Greata in 1905. San Diego, Parish in 1914. Red Hill, near Upland, Johnston 

 in 1917. In the Monterey and San Francisco regions this species and the next are 

 among the most common weeds, but their migration southward is recent. Native 

 of Eurasia. 

 Hypochceris radicata L. Gosmore. 



An abundant roadside weed at Santa Barbara, Hall in 1907, Parish in 1916. 

 Native of Europe. 

 Taraxicum officincile L. Dandelion. 



A recent immigrant, first ap'pearing in lawns, now widely naturalized in 

 towns, in damp soil by country roads, and invading meadows. Los Angeles, 

 Davidson, first seen in 1891, and in 1893 still confined to "single plants in lawns." 

 Pasadena, "occasional along streets," McClatchie in 1895. San Bernardino, a few 

 plants in a single lawn. Parish in 1895. Upland, "still infrequent," and El Monte, 

 "abundant, and injurious in pastures," Johnston in 1918. Native of Europe. 



The introduction of this cosmopolitan weed into the state appears recent. 

 The Botany of the Geological Survey was only able to report "some indicatiotis" 

 of its presence in 1876. Hilgard^' did not know it in 1890; in 1894 Greene^' re- 

 garded it as "accidentally introduced and scarcely naturalized." It was still so 

 rare a plant in 1898 that Davy'" put on record two exact places where it could be 

 found in Oakland; and in 1901 Jepson omitted it from his Flora of Western Middle 

 California. It is now an abundant weed in the Bay region. 

 Crepis virens L. Hawksbeard. 



Naturalized in the streets of Santa Barbara, Parish in 1916. Big Rock Creek, 

 San Gabriel Mts., Davidson in 1896. Common in the Monterey and San Francisco 

 regions. Native of Europe. 

 Sonchus arvensis L. Perennial Sowthistle. 



Peat lands about Smeltzer and Wintersberg, Orange County, R. K. Bishop in 

 1913, already well established, and believed to have been introduced in ':elery seed 

 about 1903: now naturalized and troublesome in that district. Not known else- 

 where in the state. Native of Europe. 

 Sonchus asper L. Spiny Sowthistle. 



Long naturalized and common in cultivated and waste, and occasional in un- 

 broken, grounds. Ascends the San Bernardino Mts. to 6,500 ft.. Bear Valley, Parish 

 in 1895. Common in the cultivated parts of Salton Sink, Colorado Desert, Parish 

 in 1913. Panamint Mts., Mojave Desert, Coville & Funston in 1891. Native of 

 Europe. 

 Sonchus oleraceus L. Sowthistle. 



Cismontane distribution of the preceding species, and somewhat more abun- 

 dant. Common in the cultivated parts of Salton Sink. Native of Europe. 

 Sonchus tenerrimus L. 



Locally naturalized at San Diego, doubtlessly from the mission period. Col- 

 lected in 1836 by Nuttall, who regarded it as indigenous and published it as 

 S. tenuifolius.^'' Specimens seen are all from Point Loma: Cleveland about 1886; 

 Orcutt in 1894; Purpus in 1898. The only other Californian collections were from 

 San Clemente, Santa Catalina and San Nicholas islands. Brandegee reports it as 

 abundant on the islands off the coast of Lower California and on the mainland, 

 appearing as if indigenous. Native of Europe. 



"Hilgard, E. W. Weeds of California. 247. 1891. "The place held in Europe and 

 the East by the dandelion is measurably filled by several large- flowered species 

 of Troximon and Hypochoeris." 



^''Greene. E. L. Manual Botanv Bay Region 227. 1894. 



"Davy, J. B. Ervthea 6:26. 1898. 



s'Nuttall, T. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 7:438. 1841. 



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