Exsertistigma, ohservahilis, formaljs and jaciila form an ex- 

 tremely close set of allied forms which may be discussed together. 

 All sorts of intermediate forms occur^ normally ; in any series. It 

 is well to note that Dr. Smith placed true formalis as exsertistigvia, 

 togetlier with ohservahilis; and that his formalis is true faciila. 

 Faciila is the most distinct with a cons2)icuous contrasting jet black 

 filling to the cell. When the other forms have a black filled cell 

 the black is not so contrasting against the ground color, due to 

 the general corresponding darkening of the ground. Also the cell 

 f requenth' has a sordid look^ instead of being clear black ; due to 

 a mixing of ground-color scales with it. The true exsertistigma has 

 all the transverse maculation plain and distinct^ with a tendency for 

 the cell to be filled with a sordid black. Ohservahilis is merelj'^ a 

 little darker form of the same thing; the filling of the cell often 

 matching tlie darkened ground color of the primaries. Formalis is very 

 close to typical exsertistigma but appears more suffused. The cell 

 is seldom filled with anything darker than a deep chocolate brown, 

 although it sometimes contrasts against the ground color. Usually 

 some of the transverse maculation is either lost or almost lost. This 

 apjDlies to all or any of the ordinary lines, giving the form the gen- 

 eral appearance of the greatest number of facula before the author 

 (except for the black cell of facula). It is interesting that typi- 

 cal facula more nearly approximates exsertistigma, in the transverse 

 maculation. In the intermediate forms sj^ecimens occur with or 

 without the black filling to the cell and even with or without the 

 black collar. From the facula idea appears to have arisen niger, 

 all graduations occur in size, and in the shape of the orbicular. 

 Typical niger is smaller, lacks the broad black tipped collar and 

 the orbicular is U shaped. Forms also occur with the black of the 

 collar intermediate. 



Meta is a form corresponding to niger, but with the orbicular 

 more open than in the typical niger and the median area, a red 

 patch, contrasting against the rest of the primary. The black fill- 

 ing to the cell is also absent. It is apparently an aberrant form 

 for nothing matches identically the "cotype" in the Barnes col- 

 lection. A number of "transitionals" are 23laced with it, but they 

 are all larger. Morrisonistigma is possibly a separate line of 

 development from the facula idea parallel to niger. Typical speci- 

 mens are readily disting-uished !5y their darker color, and V-shaped 

 orbicular, with the transverse markings standing out very clear cut. 

 Intermediates occur, but, are less common than in the other forms. 

 Emarginata appears to have arisen from the formalis idea. It is 

 very slightly broader winged than the normal formalis. It appears 

 to intergrade with aberrant formalis (lacking the broad black col- 

 lar) on one hand and inelegans on the other. It is broader winged 

 than the normal and typical inelegans, and appears fo have a 

 sliglitly more flaring orbicular in this way more closely approaching 

 suffused, dark formalis. Inelegans appears to grade into it in all 

 details of wing size, shape and maculation. Smith described inele- 



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