jinciiilf i;;illcric.s i>( .1 \c;ir or luo ,ii.'() li,i\c |i(nil r.i ltd. 'riicrc .ire no 

 yoillii;' l;if\,ic, ;iii(l ex i(l<-|i 1 1\ .ill ,irc of llic s.iiiic .ipc ;iii(l iicirlv i>r (|iiilc 

 .■idllll, ,111(1 llici-c .ire Ml) r\il lidli-s in llu' her. 'I'lirrc ni;i\ he .Vl In IIKI 

 l;ii'\.'ic ill tlic trunk, Inil of rnnrsc llns is iinl\ ;i Mirniisc. 



"I tVi'J (piili- ccrl.iin \\i>\\ IIkiI lliri-c ;irc coniii.i r;i I i\ el \ lew In-ddds 

 of Dinnp.i I (• <'\isliin: in lliis rci^ion, .nid nnlcss it exists ;ils() in il.ij;! ('.ili- 

 t'orili;! or on the snulliri-n slope ot the S;ni r>ern;i rdino rjni;c, :i\\\ \e;ir 

 ni.iy witness its coniplel <• cxt iiii't ion ; hfCiiiisc nnlcss llic leni.des, in iniaj^o, 

 teed ujion ;ind Ivill the luids of livinfr ]>;dins in wliicli tliey llieii oviposit, 

 tlie nnnilifi' (d' trees in fit condition lo re.ir the yoini^i' is cxcccdinffiy iiin- 

 ited. i li;i\e in fact seen hnt tins one tree in .iny of the e;niyons I lia\c 

 visited. II is ahsolntcly certain that only the \\'ashin;;toina palm is 

 (•a|)al)le of supjiortinjr the larue hroods of this jrigantic borer, and if the 

 females shonld fail lo find a sndalile tree in any ye;ir, they must ine\ital)ly 

 ]H'rish without issue. When I eonsidei- the limited nuinher of these trees 

 in existence in a wild slate, and the slender chance the female beetle 

 must have of lindinu a dyiiifr tree in the rijrht condition and at the rifjlit 

 time, I am more than ever inclined to sus]iect tliat the beetles (lelil)eratcly 

 kill the tree in which they ()vi))osit. If they killed the tree merely by 

 feeding as adults upon the buds, there would be many trees killed; for 

 often more than 'Jnii adults issue from a single infested trunk. In the 

 case of the tree I have examined, it is jirobablv not the ])resence of the 

 larvae that have killed it as they ha\e not apparently ))enetrated deej)l\' 

 into the interior and their galleries are not sufficiently numerous to seri- 

 ously impede the circulation of the sa]), even in the outer portion of the 

 trunk." 



In March. 1S!)7. Mr. Huhl)ar(l added .several intere.sting details : 



"On March -5 I made a serious ex])edition with a wagon and mules 

 and an Indian guide to help, to Palm canyon, where I spent the day get- 

 ting out more pieces of palm wood containing Dinapate larvae. I secured 

 four pieces weighing eacb froin 2 or 3 to (i or 8 l])s., and each containing 

 one or two living larvae. Tb.e largest piece undoubtedly contains several of 

 the larvae. These pieces I now have in my bedroom and I can occa- 

 sionally hear the larvae cutting the fibre with a snap like a pair" of shears. 



"I discovered, much to my surjjrise, that the interior of the palm trunk 

 is entirely filled with galleries. I had before concluded that all the work 

 had been done nearer the surface, the trunk being an extra thick one. I 

 find, however, that this trunk, like all the rest, has the interior entirely 

 riddled with burrows and very little solid wood left by" the larvae. Many' 

 of the larvae are still in the interior, although some of them are already 

 forming cells near the exterior. We cut into a great many of the grubs 

 in getting out these chunks of wood, and I secured several good additional 

 specimens in alcohol. 



"It is hard to realize the enormous extent and diniensions of the 

 Dinapate galleries. Not the largest of our Florida palmettos could sup- 

 port more than three or four of these larvae; they would eat it all up and 

 then die of starvation. If there are 20 or 30 holes in one of the Wash- 

 ingtonia palms, one finds the interior entirely eaten out from end to end, 

 and one can follow the galleries, over one inch in diameter, for 20 feet 

 up and down the trunk following the grain and without diminishing 

 sensibly in diameter. Then think of the yards and yards of smaller gal- 

 leries made by the larva while still young. Such extensive and prodigious 

 borings cannot be made in one or two years, and certainly not in any tree 

 trunk of moderate size. There is certainly no other plant here than this 

 Washingtonia palm that is capable of supporting a brood of these huge 



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