"The galleries of the fully grown iarvap averaged 18""". in dianiclcr. 

 This diameter was exceptionally constant for hirvae of the curled tvpe. 

 The galleries crossed and recrossed each other in a confused manner, 

 j)ractically destroying all fibre in the region attacked, the powdered ma- 

 terial being packed extremely compactly. The galleries never approached 

 closer than an inch to the hard outer layer of the truniv and the very cen- 

 ter of the log for six inches in diameter was untouciied. All the" wood 

 in between was completely riddled' by the borings. The larvae were work- 

 ing usually at a depth of about 3 to 7 inches beneatli the surface. Al- 

 though the position of the log may have had something to do with it, 

 almost all of the pupal chambers were either parallel to tlie surface of the 

 log or nearly so. The exit holes were being bored almo.st perpendicidarly 

 from the pupal chamber to the outside. 



"Two of the larvae were of a much smaller size tlian the rest, tlius 

 tending to show that the life cycle is at least two years' duration. 



"The weakening of the trunk by the galleries often causes the trees 

 to fall, 19 logs occurring in Palm canyon alone. A great many of the 

 standing trees have exits visible on them, but usually only two or three 

 per tree, most of them situated within ten or twelve feet of the ground, 

 although a few were noted near the tree crown. When occurring in pros- 

 trate logs, the exit holes seemed to be indiscriminately dispersed. 



"The attacks of this beetle are not always fatal, as is shown by a 

 number of standing and perfectly healthy trees with exit holes in their 

 boles. If these holes are numerous the tree is generally dead." 



"In the larval, and possibly the pupal, stages this insect must be 

 very resistant to water, as the log had apparently broken off at the roots 

 during the winter of 1916, been carried down the canyon and jammed into 

 the crevice by the high water. In this journey down the stream the water 

 must have seeped into the interior of the log. A live larva was placed in 

 water and was drowned in 28 minutes. This, however, is a more severe 

 test of vitality than the water-soaked log was. A live adult was drowned 

 in 15 minutes 35 seconds. Three hours in a strong cyanide bottle was in- 

 sufficient to kill three of the adidts. 



"LARVA. — Robust, ventraUy flat, dorsally convex; yellowish white, 

 mandibles black; 8 abdominal segments, 3 thoracic; clypeus white, labrum 

 darker and on anterior two-thirds densely, finely ciliate; labium and max- 

 illae white with a line along their base chitinized; antennae 3-jointed, 

 bisetose at tip. Body covered with short fine silky hair; body resembles 

 that of a "white grub" being curled, however, the anterior segments are 

 much the larger. "Legs apparently 3-jointed (Horn says with 4 articula- 

 tions) tarsal claw one and cleft." Length 46/63'"'". (All measurements 

 following are from the anterior margin of the thorax to the tip of elytra.) 



"PUPA.— Resembles the adult, white; head, thorax, and elytra 

 smooth, the latter bent under the abdomen between the middle and hind 

 pair of legs; the most prominent costae and tubercles usually visible on 

 the elytra; dorsal surface of the meso and meta-thorax and of the abdomen 

 visible; scutellum prominent; a row of fine recurved teeth across the 

 dorsal side of each abdominal segment except the last, each row situated 

 nearer to the posterior edge of the segment than to the anterior and on 

 an elevated ridge; abdomen 9-segmented; on the end of the abdomen is 

 attached the shriveled larval skin, the mandibles on the ventral side. Length 

 42/64 ■">"., width 15/20 "'"\ 



"ADULT— Cvlindrical, shining black; head concealed from above by 

 the thorax; antennae 10-jointed, fir.st joint elongated and sto^ut, over 

 twice as long as the second joint which is also stout; joints 3 to T smaller 

 and equal; joints 8 to 10 much wider and clavate, 8 and 9 triangular, 10 

 more rounded. Eyes large, prominent. Labrum distinct, anteriorly cdiate 

 with silkv brown hair. 



