iiii', xi.ci-.ssn ^ ()i sii\i)i\(; ok scki'.i'.mnc oI'' 

 II I i:i; M( )M i: I i,i;s 



Tile cxixisii IT ol .1 I Ik iniDiiK I cr i\ nmsl iiii |)oi-| .-1111 , second onU' 

 lo llic oriiiin.-i I .•icciir;ic\ ot llic iiisl nimciil . As llic oliiccj s()iiii,iil is 

 llic t iiii jiirii I II ri- itj lli(- (iir, llic I licriiinincl cr slioiild he exposed lo 

 ;iir ciirreiils ( nol lli.-il wind allccls I cnipcr.'il ii re nrr .vr for il ean- 

 nol it" I lie lull!) ol llie I liennoinel er lie kepi [vvr from diisl ) and vet 

 siiaded Irom llie sun's rays. W'lierexcr possilile. I liennoinel ei's i.ir 

 oreli.-irds should he i;i\-eii tile standard Weather linrean exposure, 

 /.(■.. in a siiilaiily made instrmneni slieltcr screened from tlie sun, 

 douhle rooted and ojieii onl\' lo the north. The neeessit\' for ])ro- 

 leetinii,' thennonieters t'roiu the sun in orchr to oiitain tlie Iruc tem- 

 perature of the air was shown diiriiii;- a Soutli Pole expedition. 

 ("onmieiitinu <>u this. Dr. CiritHlhs Taylor, tiie Australian meteorolo- 

 ,iiisl. stated :f 



"If we cxijosc llie I licriiKiiiicler lo the sun, we do not ohiaiii the 

 iiir leniiieratiuH- hy any means. ]'"()r instance, l-lt°F. is uiulouhtcdiy liot, 

 yet tills was recorded in Antaretiea in 1902! 15iit the true frce-dir 

 tem|)erature at this locality was '24°, or e'Kjht dei/rees heloio frfeziiu/!" 



In otiier words, the diffei-ence between the readini!,- of the ther- 

 mometer in the sun and in tlu' sliade was one Iiundred ami thirty 

 degrees. 



The size of tlie shelter for the thermometer is immaterial, pro- 

 vided it is not too large. It is important, however, that the shelter 

 be made of thin wood and jDainted zvhite. The thermometer should 

 be located, if in an orchard, in that portion giving average condition, 

 not too close to a tree, free from the influence of a dwelling, and 

 also distant from the relatively warm air emanating from an irri- 

 gation standpipe or ditch. These are some of the ideal conditions 

 under which dejiendable temperatures may be secured. 



OBSERVATIOX OF TEMPEPtATURES IX THE ORCHARD 



The personal equation in reading thermometers cannot be over- 

 looked. Observers should cultivate the habit of reading to tenths 

 of degrees. This is not difficult, for it is only a matter of training 

 the eye to estimate. ]\Iilham* summarized what he aptly terms 

 'temperature blunders" as follows: 



"There are four avoidable blunders: (1) A good thermometer 

 must be used in determining the temj^erature. It is a waste of time to 

 attempt to make accurate determination of the temperature with an 

 inferior instrument. (2) The error of parallax must be avoided . . . 

 The correct position of the eye is such that the line of vision is at 

 riglit angles to the stem of the thermometer. (3) The observer must 



tTaylor, Australian Meteorologv; 1920, P. 27. 

 "Milliam, Meteorology. 1912; Pp. 65-66. 



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