K0NGL. SV. VET. AKADBMIENS HANDLINGAE. BAND 55. N:0 5. 71 



ligule is free from the stem being still destitute of mechanical strands; intervaginal 

 scales {i), ca. ten in number, formed in the space between as secretion organs (oil 

 reservoirs). Leaf and ligule still cohering by a narrow cell-tissue, but the little 

 branch free. The mechanical strands of the front-field of the ligule and the inside 

 (= upper surface) of the leaf are developing, bf, back-field of the ligule, showing the 

 line of demarcation (dotted) between the borders of the ligule. in, midbundle, n' 

 lateral bundles, ustr, strands of the lower surface of the leaf. E, Transverse section 

 of the adult ligule; ic, intercarinal part (= front-field) showing 25 bast-strands, r — r 

 the two ridges. 



From what is said above it will be clear that the middle vascular bundle of 

 the leaf first enters the stem and forms the opposite bundle of the central axis, 

 then the lateral bundles of the leaf enter the stem and central axis and form the 

 lateral bundles of central stele (foliar bundles, see fig. 2), further that the subepi- 

 dermal strands of the stem are the same as in the lower surface of the leaf and in the 

 back-field of the ligule, that the stem is deprived of its subepidermal strands at the 

 point of the ligule's disjoining from it, and, finally, that the mechanical strands of the 

 front-field of the ligule and of the upper surface of the leaf are born within these organs 

 and accordingly of a considerable systematic value. — The correspondence with the 

 ligule of P. pectinalus (and its relatives) and P. acutifolius (and allied), and the differen- 

 ces between them will immediately appear on a comparison between the figs. 17 and 27. 



The species does not vary very much. Fiebeb has called individuals with 

 lower growth shorter and narrower leaves [3 minor. The mainform is a major. 



Besides, Fischer has distinguished a form latifolius (probably = a major Fieb.), 

 f. augustifolius (=(3 minor Fieb.?), and f. mucronatus, leaves with a short cusp. De- 

 pendent on the fruit-form he distinguishes between f. liocarpus, without, and f. condylo- 

 carpus with a tuberous keel on the back. 



Distribution. Sweden. Scania, several stations, for inst. Lund (hb. Stock- 

 holm., Uppsal. et Lund.), Oja, 98, Neuman (hb. Uppsal.), Svartskylle lake, 23, E. 

 Fries, »ubi prima vice pro Fl. suec. novum agnovi» (hb. Uppsal.). Ostrogothia, 

 Rochella lake, Va mile from Linkoping 1812, hb. Ag. (= Agardh) (hb. Lund.) dis- 

 tinguished as a new species but without name; Borg, 62, Westling and others 

 (hb. Stockholm., Uppsal. et Gotenb.), O. Eneby, 83, Lonnberg (hb. Stockholm., 

 Uppsal. et Lund.), Svinstad, Ekeroth (hb. Uppsal. et Lund.), O. Skrukeby, Eke- 

 ROTii (hb. Uppsal. et Lund.), Haradshammar, Lundby, 40, Traskman (hb. Uppsal.), 

 Norrkoping, Himmelstalund, 41, Wiede (hb. Uppsal.); Sudermania and Stockholm, 

 several stations, for inst. at Stockholm, Klara lake, 34, W— m (hb. Stockholm.), at 

 Nykoping, 84, Sederholm (hb. Lund.), at Nyby, 99, v. Porat (hb. Uppsal.), Oja, 

 St. Sundby, 81, Ostrom (hb. Lund.); Nericia, Orebro, to the north of the town, 64, 

 C. Hn and others (hb. Stockholm., Uppsal., Lund, et Gotenb.), Hjelsta, 95, Bagen- 

 HOLM (hb. Uppsal.), Hjiilmaren in the bay of Jarnas, 75, R. Hn. (hb. Uppsal.), 

 Glanshammar, Skafvesund, 79, Hn (hb. LTppsal.). The most northern locality of 

 Sweden is at Orbyhus in Vendel lake, 60° 12' N. L., where it is collected by G. A. 

 Froman in 1882 (hb. A. Eroding). A station in Medelpad, Selanger, 62° 25' (1890 



