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1. SALIX. Tue Witiows. 
(Derived from the Celtic words, sal, near and lis, water; in allusion to their place of growth). 
Trees or shrubs with slender branches, leaves mostly long and 
pointed, entire or glandular-toothed. There are thirteen species 
native to the State and a few European species have become well 
established. ‘The genus has members adapted to the most varied 
conditions of life, ranging from the forest, low banks of streams and 
shores of lakes to the exposed and dry sand dunes of Lake Michi- 
gan. The species sometimes hybridize and the relationships of 
such hybrids are difficult of determination. This genus of trees 
yields salicin, a substitute for quinine. The bark of some species is 
used in medicine as a tonic and febrifuge. The wood is used to 
some extent in the manufacture of charcoal and wood pulp. 
Twigs not yellow-green or yellow, stamens more than 2. 
Leaves green below, petioles without glands........... 1 S. nigra. 
Leaves glaucous or whitish beneath at least to near 
maturity, petioles with or without glands. 
Buds about 3 mm. (1% inch) long, petioles usually 
Without gland sea wice eat ace. uee ie ela ea EOLA le 2 S. amygdaloides. 
Buds about 5-10 mm. (about 14 inch) long, petioles 
always withyelands: pri cls iyeneacmniechye ce uae 3 S. lucida. 
Twigs yellow-green or yellow, stamens 2................. 4S. alba. 
1. Salix nigra Marshall. Wittow. Biack Witiow. Plate 
15. Bark of trunk rough, thick, flaky, dark brown or nearly black; 
twigs very brittle at the base, shoots pubescent at first and green 
or greenish-brown, becoming smooth and darker; buds ovate, 2-3 
mm. (1 inch )long, acute; leaves narrowly-lanceolate, commonly 
about 10 cm. (4 inches) long, 1 cm. (28 inch) wide, long taper 
pointed, acute or rounded at the base, finely serrate, bright green 
and smooth above, paler and smooth beneath or pubescent along 
the primary and secondary veins; petioles 4-8 mm. (14-3 inch) 
long; flowers appear in April or May. Variety faleata (Pursh) 
Torrey is a form with narrower and more curved leaves. 
Distribution. New Brunswick west to North Dakota, south to 
Florida and west to Texas. More or less frequent throughout In- 
diana on the banks of streams and on the borders of lakes and 
swamps. On the low borders of some lakes and rivers it forms the 
principal stand on considerable areas. In this State it is usually a 
small crooked tree, except in the southwestern counties, where it 
frequently becomes a medium or large sized tree. 
The published records of the distribution are as follows: Clark 
(Baird and Taylor) and (Smith); Delaware, Jay, Randolph and 
