53 
CHAN Steer ne 
Trees with furrowed bark; terminal buds with two pairs of oppo- 
site, more or less open scales. 
Bark gray, the ridges smooth; upper part of leaf scar of 
the last year’s twigs with a mat of hairs; fruit oblong, 
inns Gllennaniace nen comes pee oil oci et rtts SoG eke OoE EG 1 J. cinerea. 
Bark dark brown or black, rough; upper part of leaf scar 
of the last year’s twigs without a mat of hairs; fruit 
orbrcular husk not clamimyseis acces tetas see 2 J. nigra. 
2. Juglans nigra Linneus. Watnut. Brack WaLNuT. Plate 
24. Leaves 3-7 dm. (12-28 inches) long, mature leaves glabrous 
above, pubescent below, leaflets 11-23, 4-10 cm. (114-4 inches) long, 
half as wide; flowers appear in May or June; fruit ripens in Sep- 
tember and October; nut nearly round, somewhat flattened, 3-4 cm. 
(1144-11% inches) through the widest diameter, kernel edible and by 
some regarded as the best of Indiana’s nuts. 
Distribution. Ontario south to the Gulf States and west to Ne- 
braska and Texas. It was more or less frequent to common in all 
all parts of Indiana in well drained alluvial soil. On account of the 
value of the nuts and wood the landowner usually permits the walnut 
to grow, so small trees are yet found in considerable numbers along 
streams, in open woods and along fences where the nuts have been 
carried by rodents. In the forest it develops into a tall straight 
tree with a few large branches for a top, while in the open it de- 
velops a wide-spreading crown. 
The published records of the distribution are as follows: Carroll 
(Thompson); Cass (Benedict and Elrod) and (Coulter); Clark 
(Baird and Taylor) and (Smith); Dearborn (Collins); Delaware 
(Phinney); Delaware, Jay, Randolph and Wayne (Phinney); Foun- 
tain (Brown); Franklin (Haymond) and (Meyncke); Gibson 
(Schneck); Hamilton (Wilson); Jay (M’Caslin); Jefferson (Coulter) 
and (Young); Knox (Ridgway) and (Thomas); Kosciusko (Clark) 
and (Youse); Miami (Gorby); vicinity of New Albany (Clapp); 
Noble (Van Gorder); Parke (Hobbs); Posey (Schneck); Steuben 
(Bradner); Vigo (Blatchley); Wabash (Benedict and Elrod); Wayne 
(Petry and Markle). 
Additional records are: Montgomery (Evans); Putnam (Grimes); 
Tippecanoe (Coulter); Blackford, Decatur, Delaware, Hamilton, 
Hancock, Johnson, Owen, Posey, Wells (Deam). 
Economic uses. Wood heavy, hard, strong, rather coarse, heart 
wood a rich dark brown, works easily, takes a high polish, care 
