57 
Economic uses. Wood light, soft, not strong, coarse-grained, 
sap wood nearly white, heart wood light brown and takes a good 
polish. Uses similar to that of a black walnut. The bark of the 
root is used in medicine as a hepatic stimulant. 
Horticultural value. Adapted to a moist rich soil. When grown 
in the open it usually develops a short trunk with a wide-spreading 
top. It is frequently planted along roadsides and on the borders 
of orchards for its nuts. 
2. HICORIA. Tue Hicxortss. 
The range of the hickories is eastern North America from the 
valley of the St. Lawrence south to Mexico. Trees with strong, 
elastic and compact wood; bark on old trunks very hard, fissured, 
tight or scaly; branches flexible, difficult to break off; leaves gland- 
ular dotted; leaflets serrate and usually unequal at the base, lowest 
pair the smallest, upper pair and terminal the largest; fruit sessile 
or nearly so, a bony nut surrounded by a woody husk which sepa- 
rates more or less completely into 4 parts. The individuals of the 
several species vary much in respect to their bark, pubescence of 
the twigs, number and size of the leaflets and size and shape of the 
nuts. 
Bud scales 46, valvate (in pairs). 
Leaflets 9-17, generally about 13; nut elongated, cir- 
cular in cross-section, kernel sweet................ 1 H. Pecan. 
Leaflets 5-9, generally 5-7; nut about as broad as long, 
elliptic in cross-section, kernel bitter.............. 2 H. cordiformis. 
Bud scales more than 6, imbricated (not in pairs). 
Bark of trees shaggy, separating in long flat plates, at 
least from about 4 m. (13 feet) above the ground 
upward. 
Husk of fruit thick, more than 2.5 mm. (about 
inch) thick. 
Leaflets 3-5, generally 5; shell of nut thin, nut gen- 
erally less than 3 cm. (1 inch) long, usually 
AVOUbe2eoLem= (gnc): Longer ssa ee eae 3 H. ovata 
Leaflets 5-9, generally 7; shell of nut thick, nut 
generally more than 3 cm. (about 1 inch) long, 
usually about 4 cm. (11% inches) long......... 
Husk of fruit thin, less than 2.5 mm. (1% inch) thick.. 5 
Bark of trunk fissured, not separating in long flat plates. 
Bark generally light gray, husk thick and freely 
splitting to the base or nearly so, shell of nut 
PVC Ketetee ote oe ae cea Me Os Ter: rae Renee Vo .. 6 H. alba. 
Bark generally dark gray, brown or nearly black; 
husk not very thick, not splitting freely to the 
base; shellof nut) rather’ thick: -3.2.. -3.2% 2-4-2: 7 ‘4H. glabra. 
i 
. laciniosa. 
. Microcarpa. 
