33 
blunt and scale-like on the younger branches, and 4-ranked, yellow- 
ish-green, about 6 mm. (1% inch) long; flowers appear early in the 
spring from buds of the previous season at the ends of the branches; 
cones maturing the first season, 1 cm. (%@ inch) or less in length 
and about 0.5 em. (1% inch) in diameter, scales of cone 6-12. 
Distribution. New Brunswick south to North Carolina, west 
to Minnesota and Manitoba. In Indiana it has been noted in only 
a few of the northern counties, where it is found in swamps. 
The published records of the distribution are as follows: Ham- 
ilton* (Wilson); Lake (Hill). 
Additional records are: Lake (Deam). 
Economic uses. Wood soft, brittle, rather coarse-grained, pale 
yellow brown, durable, fragrant. In Canada where it is abundant 
it is used for fence posts, telegraph poles, shingles and on account 
of its lightness has been a favorite wood for making canoes. A 
tincture and a fluid extract of the leaves are used in medicine. 
Horticultural value. It is frequently planted for ornamental 
purposes and several horticultural forms have been developed. It 
is adapted to all kinds of soils and exposures. Transplants readily 
but grows slowly. It retains its lower limbs which makes it a de- 
sirable tree to plant for a wind-break. The dwarf forms are com- 
monly planted for hedges. 
6. JUNIPERUS. Tue Junipers. 
Juniperus virginiana Linneus. Rep Crepar. Crpar. Plate 14. 
Bark reddish-brown, shreddy; leaves sessile, opposite or ternate, 
usually of two kinds, scale-like or awl-shaped, 4-ranked, appearing 
as opposite, closely appressed, scale-like, bluish-green, 1.5-2 mm. 
(about 1-16 inch) long, except on some of the vigorous branches or 
seedlings where they are loose and about 1 cm. (%@ inch) long; 
flowers small, terminal or axillary; fruit berry-like covered with a 
bloom, maturing the first season, bluish, 5-8 mm. (14 inch) in dia- 
meter, sweet, resinous; seeds usually 1-2. 
Distribution. Nova Scotia south to Georgia, west to Texas 
and North Dakota. Found throughout Indiana although it 
has not been reported from a few counties in the east central 
part. It is found sparingly in the northern part usually on the 
bluffs of streams, becoming frequent in the southern part of the 
State, especially on sterile hillsides and in deserted fields. It is 
a very slow growing tree and in our area rarely acquires a diameter 
of 5 dm. (20 inches). 
*Douhtless from a cultivated cree. 
