75 
glandular; flowering season April or May, staminate catkins 2-3 
em. (34-11% inches) long, appearing early in the spring on the sides 
of the twigs of the previous season; pistillate catkins 1-2 cm. (24-34 
inch) long, on the shoots of the season; nut ovate, about 5 mm. 
(1/5 inch) long, somewhat compressed, each face with 4-6 promi- 
nent ribs. 
Distribution. Northern Minnesota and southern Quebec, south 
to the Gulf States and west to Texas and Kansas. It is frequent 
in all parts of Indiana in moist rich soil. The proximity of streams 
apparently has little influence on its distribution. It is quite toler- 
ant in its moisture requirements, ranging from the tamarack bogs 
to comparatively dry woods. It is tolerant of shade and is seldom 
found outside of the forest. In our area it is usually a small tree 
with a diameter of 1-2 dm. (4-8 inches) and a clear bole of 2-5 m. 
(6-16 feet). 
The published records of the distribution are as follows: Cass 
(Benedict and Elrod); Clark (Baird and Taylor) and (Smith); Del- 
aware (Phinney); Delaware, Jay, Randolph and Wayne (Phinney); 
Franklin (Meyncke); Gibson (Schneck); Hamilton (Wilson); Jay 
(McCaslin); Jefferson (Coulter) and (Young); Knox (Ridgway) and 
(Thomas); Kosciusko (Clark) (Coulter) and (Youse); Lake (Higley 
and Radden); Marion (Wilson); Miami (Gorby); Noble (Van Gor- 
der); Parke (Hobbs); Posey (Schneck); Putnam (MacDougal); Steu- 
ben (Bradner); Tippecanoe (Laben and Conner); Vigo (Blatchley) ; 
Wabash (Benedict and Elrod); Wayne (Petry and Markle). 
Additional records are: Brown (Wright); Montgomery (Evans); 
Putnam (Cook) and (Grimes); Tippecanoe (Coulter); Bartholomew, 
Blackford, Crawford. Delaware, Hamilton, Hancock, Jackson, 
Knox, Laporte, Morgan, Owen, Porter, Posey, Steuben, Vermillion, 
Warren and Wells (Deam). 
Economic uses. Wood heavy, hard, tough, strong, light brown. 
The tree is so small and crooked and the wood so difficult to work 
that it is of little economic importance. 
2. OSTRYA. Tue Hor Hornpeams. 
(Ostrya is from the Greek, ostreon, a scale or shell, in allusion to the fruit.) 
Ostrya virginiana (Miller) Willdenow. JIronwoop. Hornpram. 
(Ostrya virginiana (Miller) K. Koch.) Plate 34. A small tree with 
shreddy brown bark; winter buds acute; branches slender; young 
twigs green, hairy, becoming smooth and brown; leaves ovate to 
lanceolate, acute at the apex, rounded wedge-shape or cordate at 
