83 
of New Albany (Clapp); Owen (Blatchley); Posey (Schneck); Put- 
nam and Vigo (Blatchley). 
Additional records are: Monroe (Blatchley); Brown, Clark, 
Marshall, Posey and Starke (Deam). 
Econemic uses. Wood light, strong, close-grained, heart wood 
light brown. Representative uses are furniture, heading, wooden 
ware, moulding and shoe-lasts. The supply in this State is not of 
sufficient quantity to be of much importance. 
3. Betula populifolia Marshall. Brircn. Plate 37. Outer bark 
chalky white, that on the trunks of old trees nearly black, inner 
bark orange, not separable into thin layers; leaves nearly triangular; 
usually long taper-pointed, truncate or nearly so at the base, smooth 
and shiny on both sides, 3-7 em. (1-224 inches) long; staminate cat- 
kins about 5-10 cm. (2-4 inches) long, mature pistillate catkins 
1.5-3.5 em. (144-114 inches) long, about 7 mm. thick; nut oval, nar- 
rower than the wing. This is the gray or white birch of text books. 
Distribution. Nova Scotia south to Delaware and westward 
through New England to New York. It again appears in Indiana 
in Lake and Tippecanoe Counties. It has been definitely reported 
in the following counties: Tippecanoe (Golden) as “sparsely along 
Wabash River’, Lake (Higley and Radden) as ‘‘rare”’, Lake and 
Porter (Blatchley) as ‘‘scarce.”’ In the most favorable conditions 
in its range it seldom is more than 4 dm. (16 inches) in diameter 
and 12 m. (39 feet) in height. In our area it is rare and a small 
tree of 1-2 dm. (4-8 inches) in diameter and of no economic im- 
portance. 
Additional records are: Laporte (Deam). 
Horticultural value. Occasionally planted as an ornamental tree. 
Its native habitat is a moist soil, although it adapts itself to drier 
situations. It is usually a short-lived tree and if a birch is desired, 
other species or horticultural varieties should be chosen. 
4. Betula papyrifera Marshall. Biron. Plate 38. Bark thin, 
creamy white, chalky, readily separating in thin layers; young twigs 
green, viscid, becoming reddish or dark brown at the end of the 
season and in a few years the characteristic white of the older 
branches; leaves ovate, 4-10 em. (114-4 inches) long, irregular 
toothed, gradually tapering at the apex, rounded, wedge-shaped or 
cordate at the base, dark green and smooth above, paler with hairs 
on the veins and dotted with conspicuous glands beneath, stam- 
inate catkins pendulous, 2 or 3 together, 5-10 em. (2-4 inches) in 
length, scales fringed, mature pistillate catkins pendulous, 2-4 em. 
