88 
beneath; staminate catkins terminal, 2-7 em. (%4-234 inches) long, 
pistillate catkins lateral, bent downward, at maturity resembling a 
small cone; scales thickened at the tip. 
Distribution. Newfoundland and Saskatchewan south to Penn- 
sylvania, and west to lowa and Nebraska. In Indiana it has been 
noted only in the vicinity of Lake Michigan where it is locally fre- 
quent in low woods and low places between the dunes near the 
lake. It frequently attains a diameter of 1-1.5 dm. (4-6 inches) and 
a height of 9 m. (29 feet). 
The published records of the distribution are as follows: Lake 
and Porter (Blatchley). 
Additional records are: Lake (Umbach); Porter (Chase); Lake 
and Porter (Deam). 
2. Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Sprengel. AupER. Plate 40. Trunk 
fluted or angled, resembling Carpinus, bark thin, smooth or nearly 
so, grayish brown; bud scales thickly black resinous dotted; leaves 
ovate or oval, very short pointed or rounded at the apex, rounded 
or somewhat wedge-shaped at the base, rather regularly and mi- 
nutely serrate, 4-11 em. (114%4-4'% inches) long, smooth and dark 
green above, lighter below, with more or less rusty pubescence 
beneath, especially along the veins, under surface of green leaves 
sufficiently resinous to adhere to paper if pressure is applied; sta- 
minate catkins 5-8 em. (2-3 inches) long, 3-5 together, expanding 
early in the spring, pistillate catkins erect. 
Distribution. Maine to Florida, west to Texas, rarely inland to 
Minnesota. In Indiana it is found in widely separated parts of the 
State. It is local in its distribution, usually growing in clumps in 
swamps or along the banks of streams. It is usually shrub-like, 
although it occasionally attains a diameter of 7 cm. (3 inches) and 
a height of 5 m. (16 feet). 
The published records of the distribution are as follows: Clark 
(Baird and Taylor); Gibson (Schneck); Jefferson (Coulter); Knox 
(Ridgway); Kosciusko (Coulter); Lake (Higley and Radden); Miami 
(Gorby); vicinity of New Albany (Clapp); Noble (Van Gorder); 
Posey (Schneck) ; Tippecanoe (Coulter). 
Additional records are: Jefferson (Young); Monroe (Blatchley) ; 
Jackson and Starke (Deam). : 
Economic uses. Not of sufficient size or abundance to be of any 
commercial value. 
