92 
The published records of the distribution are as follows: Car- 
roll (Thompson); Cass (Benedict and Elrod) and (Coulter); Clark 
(Baird and Taylor); Delaware (Phinney); Delaware, Jay, Randolph 
and Wayne (Phinney); Fountain (Brown); Franklin (Haymond) and 
(Meyncke); Gibson (Schneck); Hamilton (Wilson); Jay (M’Caslin); 
Jefferson (Coulter) and (Young); Knox (Ridgway) and (Thomas); 
Kosciusko (Clark); Marion (Wilson); Miami (Gorby); Noble (Van 
Gorder); Parke (Hobbs); Posey (Schneck); Steuben (Bradner); 
Vigo (Blatchley); Wabash (Benedict and Elrod); Wayne (Petry 
and Markle). 
Additional records are: Montgomery (Rose) and (Thompson); 
Putnam (Cook), (Grimes) and (MacDougal); Tippecanoe (Coulter) 
and (Dorner); Clark, Decatur, Delaware, Floyd, Gibson, Hancock, 
Hendricks, Jennings, Laporte, Madison, Monroe, Montgomery, 
Morgan, Owen, Porter, Wells (Deam). 
Economic uses. Wood very hard, strong, usually tough, difficult 
to season, close-grained, takes a high polish, sap wood white, heart 
wood light or reddish-brown. Some trees are composed principally 
of white wood, hence the name ‘‘white beech”, and are much 
tougher than those that are principally red wood, which are popu- 
larly known as “red beech’. Our best botanists have failed to 
separate the two kinds of trees botanically. Used chiefly for build- 
ing material, frame stuff, heading, staves and fuel. 
Horticultural value. Its dense shade, clean appearance of the 
limbs and trunk, slender branches which turn up at the extremities 
and freedom from disease and insects make this one of the most 
desirable trees for ornamental and shade tree planting. It is not 
easy to transplant and because it does not grow rapidly and straight 
it is not frequently used. When grown in the open it is not inclined 
to grow tall. It is best adapted to a moist, rich and well drained 
soil. 
2. CASTANEA. Tue CuestNut. 
¥ 
(Named from a town in Thessaly, famed for its chestnut trees). 
Castanea dentata (Marshall) Borkhausen. CurestnuT. Plate 42. 
Bark of old trees deeply fissured, dark gray or brown, bark of young 
trees smooth; twigs at first hairy, soon smooth; leaves oblong- 
lanceolate, 1-3 dm. (4-12 inches) long, taper-pointed, wedge-shaped 
or obtuse at the base, coarsely serrate with incurved teeth, veins 
terminating in the teeth; flowers appear after the leaves in June or 
July, strong-scented, staminate aments terminal and from the axils 
of the lower leaves, 1-2 dm. (4-8 inches) long, pistillate flowers ap- 
pear in clusters of 2-5 just below the staminate aments or in the 
