99 
The published records of the distribution are as follows: Car- 
roll (Thompsen); Cass (Benedict and Elrod) and (Coulter); Clark 
(Baird and Taylor) and (Smith); Clay (Wilson); Dearborn (Collins) ; 
Delaware (Phinney) ; Delaware, Jay, Randolph and Wayne (Phinney) ; 
Fountain (Brown); Franklin (Haymond) and (Meyncke); Gibson 
(Schneck); Hamilton (Wilson); Jay (M’Caslin); Jefferson (Coulter) 
and (Young); Knox (Ridgway) and (Thomas); Kosciusko (Youse) ; 
Marion (Wilson); Miami (Gorby); vicinity of New Albany (Clapp) ; 
Noble (Van Gorder); Parke (Hobbs); Posey (Schneck); Putnam 
(Wilson); Steuben (Bradner); Vigo (Blatchley); Wabash (Benedict 
and Elrod); Wayne (Petry and Markle). 
Additional records are: Montgomery (Rose); Putnam (Grimes) 
and (MacDougal); Tippecanoe (Coulter); Bartholomew, Blackford, 
Clark, Daviess, Delaware, Hamilton, Knox, Laporte, Posey, Steu- 
ben, Warren and Wells (Deam). 
Economie uses. Wood heavy, hard, close-grained, tough, strong, 
durable and of a light brown color, sap wood lighter. It is the most 
valuable timber of America because of its wide range of uses. The 
fact of its adaptation to so many uses has so reduced the seemingly 
inexhaustible supply that now large trees are rarely seen. The prin- 
cipal uses are general construction, interior finish, cooperage, wagon 
and carriage stock, furniture, agricultural implements, crossties, 
posts, baskets and fuel. Millmen and lumbermen usually grade as 
white oak the following species: burr oak, swamp white oak, 
chinquapin oak, basket oak, post oak and overcup oak. 
Horticultural value. Soil requirements as given above; hardy in 
all parts of the state; grows slowly; difficult to transplant, espec- 
ially after it has attained some size. It is most successfully propa- 
gated by planting the seed on the site where the tree is expected 
to grow. ‘Theseed should be planted in the fall soon after it matures. 
In the work of reforesting it is advised to dibble in the seed, cover- 
ing with earth to a depth of about twice its width. The seed may 
be broadcasted, but this method is attended with more elements of 
failure. When this method is employed the nuts are easily gath- 
ered by rodents, and germinated nuts may be unable to find a foot- 
hold in the ground. The distance apart the seed should be planted 
depends primarily on the quality of the seed and the attention the 
owner expects to give to the planting. It is usually planned to give 
each nut 3-4 square feet of space. 
Quercus alba X Muhlenbergii. Plate 44. Bark of a white oak 
type, branchlets in October gray and somewhat pubescent; winter 
buds ovoid, blunt, reddish-brown, more or less gray pubescent; 
