103 
tional. It has again been reported from Miami and Hamilton 
counties. In Gibson and Posey counties it is more or less frequent 
on the eastern border of the Wabash flats on the dune sands, which 
vary in width from 14 to 4 miles. In Point Township in Posey 
County, on the high ground, it is the most abundant oak and grows 
to be a large tree. In other parts of the State where found it may 
be common on a small area and then not appear again for miles. 
It is usually found on sterile hill tops associated with the white 
and black oaks. In our area, except Gibson and Posey counties, 
it is a medium sized tree, seldom attaining a height of 25 m. (80 
feet) or a diameter of 8 dm. (32 inches), usually about half this 
size. 
The published records of the distribution are as follows: Clark 
(Baird and Taylor) and (Smith); Gibson (Schneck); Hamilton 
(Wilson); Lake (Higley and Radden); Miami (Gorby); Vigo (Blatch- 
ley). 
Additional records are: Clark and Posey (Deam). 
Economic uses. Wood heavy, hard, tough, close-grained and 
durable in contact with the soil. Used principally for crossties, 
fence posts, wagon stock and construction material. 
3. Quercus lyrata Walter. Overcup Oak. Burr Oak. Plate 
46. Bark on the trunk deeply fissured, ridges large, surface some- 
what scaly, resembling the white oak in color; twigs reddish-green 
and hairy at first, becoming smooth and gray or light brown; winter 
buds ovoid, blunt, more or less hairy, about 3 mm. (1% inch) long; 
leaves obovate-oblong, 6-20 em. (214-8 inches) long, pointed at the 
apex, wedge-shaped or narrowed at the base, divided into 5-9 lobes, 
sinuses shallow or deep and rounded, the lobes horizontal or ascending, 
the terminal one generally the largest and bearing two lateral lobes, 
the two lobes below the terminal are generally the longest, leaves 
a bronze-green and hairy on both surfaces when they unfold, be- 
coming at maturity smooth and dark green above, paler and pub- 
escent below, usually silvery beneath, petioles 2-20 mm. (14-% 
inch) long; acorns sessile or on short stalks which are sometimes 2 
em. (34 inch) long and are generally near the plane of the base of 
the cup; nut depressed, globose, about 2 em. (34 inch) long, pub- 
escent at the top, inclosed almost entirely in the rather thin cup 
which is reddish-brown and pubescent within, scurfy pubescent 
and light gray without, frequently splitting at the top; scales 
pointed on the back, developing a tubercular ridge, which is large 
and very prominent at the base of the cup, gradually becoming 
smaller toward the top. 
