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curved, leaves hairy above and below when they unfold, becoming 
at maturity thick, smooth and bright green above, paler and pub- 
escent beneath, sometimes silvery pubescent below; acorns sessile 
or nearly so, solitary or in pairs; nut ovate or oval, 1.5-2 em. (144-34 
inch) long, pubescent at the summit, enclosed for 144-1 its length 
in a thin, cup-shaped, light or silvery gray cup which is pubescent 
within and hoary pubescent without; scales acute or somewhat 
blunt, thickened at the base; kernel sweet and edible. 
This oak has been the subject cf much study on account of the 
great variation of its leaves and fruit. On some trees the leaves from 
the top of the tree will be very thick, narrow, with long, sharp and 
incurved teeth, while the leaves from the lower branches will be 
rather thin, broadly obovate and with short and almost straight 
teeth. It has not been noted that the depth of the cup varies to 
any great extent on the same tree, but on some trees the cups are 
very shallow with oblong nuts, while on other trees the cups are 
deep and with ovoid nuts. As a rule the acorns with a shallow 
cup are smaller than those with the deep cup. Specimens with the 
broad leaves and deep cups have led some to call the tree chestnut 
oak (Quercus Prinus), from which it may easily be distinguished by 
the bark on the trunk of the tree. The bark on the chestnut oak 
is deeply furrowed and in color resembles the red oak group of oaks. 
Distribution. Vermont to Minnesota, south to Florida and west 
to Texas. Found in all parts of Indiana. In the northern part it 
is usually found along the banks of streams, where it is often fre- 
quent. At a distance from the streams and lakes it is generally 
quite rare. In the western and southwestern parts it is generally 
frequent along the dry banks of streams and on gravelly or clayey 
hills. In the southern part of the State it becomes more abund- 
ant, and is often frequent or common along the bluffs of streams 
and on the limestone knobs. In our area in good soil it is a large 
tree. 
The published records of the distribution are as follows: Bar- 
tholomew and Brown (Elrod); Cass (Benedict and Elrod) and 
(Coulter); Clark (Baird and Taylor); Dearborn (Collins); Frank- 
lin (Meyncke); Gibson (Schneck); Hamilton (Wilson); Jackson 
(Elrod); Jay (M’Caslin); Jefferson (Coulter) and (Young); Kos- 
ciusko (Clark); Lake (Higley and Radden); Marion (Wilson); 
Miami (Gorby); Noble (Van Gorder); Parke (Hobbs); Posey 
(Schneck); Steuben (Bradner); Tippecanoe (Cunningham); Vigo 
(Blatchley); Wabash (Benedict and Elrod). 
