9 
the northern tier of counties, soon becoming frequent farther south. 
It is more or less frequent in the remaining part of the State, be- 
coming somewhat common in the lower Wabash bottoms and in 
the ‘‘flats” in the southern counties. It prefers wet woods, borders 
of swamps and ponds and is rarely found in dryer situations. It 
is usually associated with the red oak, the pin oak taking the more 
moist locations. In the northern part of the state it is most com- 
monly associated with the red, burr and swamp white oaks, soft 
maples, water elm and black ash. In the southern part with the 
sweet gum, red, burr and swamp white oaks, soft maples and water 
elm. Along the well drained banks of streams the red oak may be 
frequent and the pin oak rare or wanting, while at the same time 
it is common in near by wet woods or sloughs. 
In all our area it is a medium or large tree. It is tardy in the 
natural pruning of its lower branches, and when the dead branches 
break off they usually do so at some distance from the trunk. The 
many stumps of the dead branches which penetrate to the center 
of the tree have given it the most common name pin oak. 
The published records of the distribution are as follows: Car- 
roll (Thempson); Cass (Coulter); Clark (Smith); Clay (Wilson); 
Delaware (Phinney) ; Delaware, Jay, Randolph and Wayne (Phinney) ; 
Fountain (Brown); Franklin (Meyncke); Gibson (Schneck); Ham- 
ilton (Wilson); Jefferson (Coulter); Knox (Ridgway); Kosciusko 
(Clark); Miami (Gorby); vicinity of New Albany (Clapp); Noble 
(Van Gorder); Parke (Hobbs); Posey (Schneck); Putnam (Wilson); 
Steuben (Bradner); Vigo (Blatchley). 
Additional records are: Posey (Wright); Putnam (Grimes); 
Tippecanoe (Coulter); Gibson, Posey, Sullivan and Wells (Deam). 
Economic uses. Wood and uses similar to that of the red oak. 
Horticultural value. For street and ornamental planting it is the 
most desirable of all the oaks. It is adapted to a mo’st soil, grows 
rapidly, a medium sized tree, produces a dense shade and in the 
open develops a pyramidal crown. Like the other oaks it is some- 
what difficult to transplant on account of its large tap root. For 
this reason in planting oaks small seedlings should be used. 
11. Quercus Schnéckii Britton. Rep Oax. (Quercus texana 
Buckley). Plate 54. Bark of young trees smooth, becoming on 
old trees dark brown tinged with red, fissured, ridges flat, furrows 
usually not deep and wide; branchlets at first greenish and hairy, 
becoming reddish and finally smooth and a light brown; winter 
buds broad or narrow ovoid, the terminal ones at fruiting time 
about 5 mm. (1/5 inch) long, rather blunt at the apex, scales light 
