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brown, glabrous or nearly so; leaves ovate to obovate in outline, 
generally 8-18 cm. (3-7 inches) long, generally truncate at the base, 
sometimes wedge-shaped, 5-9 lobed, the lobes extending more than 
nalf way to the midrib, the middle lobes generally 114 or more 
times as long as the undivided part of the leaf, subtended by these 
lobes, usually 2-3 times as long, lobes oblong, wedge-shaped or 
widest at the apex, sinuses variable and rounded at the base, some 
of the lobes somewhat divided at the apex and ending in several 
sharp teeth, at maturity bright green, shiny and smooth above, 
paler or yellow-green and smooth beneath except for tufts of brown 
hairs in the axils of the primary veins; petioles generally 2-5 cm. 
(1-2 inches) long; acorns solitary or in pairs, sessile or nearly so; nut 
ovoid, those of the northern part of the State about 17 mm. (°% 
inch) long and nearly as wide, those of the lower Wabash Valley 
about 21 mm. (24 inch) long and somewhat narrower, reddish- 
brown, covered more or less with gray hairs, inside of shell densely 
covered with very pale brown hairs, enclosed for about 1/3 its 
length in the deeply saucer-shaped cup; cup generally tapering at 
the base, sometimes rounded or nearly flat; scales blunt, their mar- 
gins thin, broken, sometimes the end tinged with red, covered or 
nearly so with gray scales or hairs, giving them a gray woolly ap- 
pearance. 
Distribution. Jowa and northern Indiana south to Florida and 
west to Texas. The distribution in Indiana has not been deter- 
mined. In Wells County it is associated with the red oak and is 
equally abundant. According to Ridgway and Schneck, it is fre- 
quent in the lower Wabash bottoms and to a great extent supplants 
the red oak. It is believed that it is more or less frequent along 
the Wabash and its tributaries. 
This species so closely resembles Quercus rubra that it is not 
commonly separated from it. It may generally be distinguished 
by the leaves being deeper lobed and by its smaller fruit. In Wells 
County the fruit is generally 144 smaller than Quercus rubra and 
nearly the same shape. In the Lower Wabash bottoms it is gen- 
erally about the same size and somewhat longer. 
The published records of the distribution are as follows: Bar- 
tholomew (Elrod); Gibson, Knox, Posey and Vermillion (Schneck) ; 
Knox (Ridgway). 
Additional records are: Posey and Wells (Deam). 
Economic uses. Wood similar and uses the same as that of the 
red oak. 
