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12. Quercus coccinea Muenchhausen. Buiack Osx. Rep Oak. 
ScaRLeT Oak. Plate 55. Bark of the trunk dark brown, irregu- 
larly fissured, bark of the twigs smooth and reddish-brown, inner 
bark red; winter buds ovoid, about 7 mm. (14 inch) long, somewhat 
blunt at the apex, reddish-brown, more or less hairy, especially 
near the apex; leaves oval or obovate in outline, 7-15 cm. (3-6 
inches) long, truncate or wedge-shaped at the base, divided into 
5-9 lobes, usually 7, the sinuses wide and rounded at the base, the 
lobes measured along the midrib from the tip to the base of the 
sinuses more than twice as long as the undivided part of the leaf, 
the terminal lobe 3-toothed, the middle lobes the largest, frequently 
with two small lobes, the midrib of the two basal lobes usually 
curved backward, the midrib of the remaining lateral lobes ascend- 
ing, leaves red and hairy when they expand, becoming at maturity 
a bright green and smooth above, paiez and smooth beneath or with 
a few hairs on the veins and in the axils; petioles 4-6 em. (1144-214 
inches) long; acorns sessile or nearly so, solitary or in pairs; nut 
oval or oblong-ovoid, 1.5-2 em. (24 inch) long, enclosed for %4-2/3 
its length, covered with a coat of brown hairs to the top of the cup, 
usually glabrous above the cup; cup deep, stout, top-shaped, smooth 
within, the green cup presenting a glossy appearance; scales acute, 
closely appressed when green, somewhat spreading at the top of 
the cup on drying, their tips covered with hairs which give the top 
of the cup a hoary appearance, the lower scales somewhat thick- 
ened at their bases; kernel white within, less bitter than that of the 
black oak. 
Distribution. Maine to Minnesota and southward to North Caro- 
lina and Missouri. Found throughout Indiana, usually in dry, 
sandy or gravelly soil in the northern and southwestern parts and 
on the dry hills in the southern part. In the northwestern counties 
bordering Lake Michigan it is locally somewhat frequent. In 
the northeastern and eastern-central parts it is very rare, or does 
not occur at all. It is locally frequent in the western-central coun- 
ties, becoming frequent or common in the southwestern counties. 
In the whole of the southeastern part it is more or less frequent on 
the hills associated with the black and white oaks and black hick- 
ory. In all of its range it is generally associated with the black 
oak from which it is not usually separated. It is commonly classed 
as a black or red oak, which in general appearance, especially the 
bark, it resembles. It may be separated from the black oak by its 
somewhat rougher outer bark and its red inner bark, by its shiny 
cup, closer appressed scales and by the white kernel of the nut. It 
