128 
(Thomas); Kosciusko (Youse); Miami (Gorby); vicinity of New 
Albany (Clapp); Noble (Van Gorder); Posey (Schneck); Putnam 
(Wilson); Steuben (Bradner); Vigo (Blatchley). 
Additional records are: ‘Tippecanoe (Coulter); Crawford, Floyd, 
Franklin, Laporte, Owen, Posey, Steuben and Wells (Deam). 
Economic uses. Wood heavy, hard, strong, coarse-grained and 
not as valuable as the red oak, from which it is not distinguished 
commercially. Uses similar to that of the red oak. 
15. Quercus falcata Michaux. Brack Oak. Rep Oak. Plate 
58. Bark thick, rather deeply fissured, furrows usually narrow, 
sometimes wide, ridges generally broad, and broken into short 
plates about 0.5 dm. (2 inches) long, varying from a light to a dark 
gray, the outer dead bark reddish, the inner layers orange tinged 
with red; shoots at first hairy, becoming at maturity nearly smooth 
or remaining hairy, greenish-red or gray-brown, the second year be- 
coming a dark gray brown; terminal winter buds ovoid, sometimes 
somewhat angled, generally 4-6 mm. (1/5 inch) long at time of 
fruiting, acute, light reddish-brown, more or less pubescent, scales 
blunt; leaves ovate, oblong or obovate, very variable in outline, 
8-22 cm. (3-9 inches) long, generally somewhat curved, wedge- 
shaped, rounded or truncate at the base, shallow or deeply lobed, 
generally about 2/3 of the distance to the midrib, lobes 3-11, com- 
monly 5-9, the number, size and shape of the lobes exceedingly vari- 
able, the longest lateral lobes are generally near the middle of the 
leaf, sometimes the lowest pair, sometimes the upper pair are the 
longest, terminal lobe triangular or oblong, generally widest at the 
base, although frequently widest at the apex, lateral lobes widest at 
the base and gradually becoming narrower toward the apex, rarely 
somewhat wider at the apex, generally somewhat curved, lobes gener- 
ally sharp pointed, sometimes wide-angled or rounded at the apex, 
margins of the lobes entire, wavy, toothed or lobed, sinuses wide and 
rounded at the base, dark green and smooth above at maturity, 
generally densely pubescent beneath; petioles 1-6 em. (34-2144 
inches) long, pubescent, generally yellow; acorn sessile or nearly 
so; nut broadly ovoid, nearly flat at the base, rounded at the apex, 
about 1 em. (28 inch) long, more or less pubescent all over, light 
brown, enclosed for nearly half its length by the deep cup-shaped 
cup; cup rounded at the base or somewhat tapering, pubescent 
within; scales blunt, pubescent, reddish-brown, the margins darker _ 
and smooth. 
Distribution. New Jersey and Missouri, south to Florida and 
west to Texas. In Indiana it is confined to a few counties in the 
