132 
(3-6 inches) long, acute at the base, bristle pointed, wedge-shaped 
or rounded at the base, margins entire, wavy or rarely 3-toothed 
at the apex on vigorous sterile branches, hairy on both surfaces and 
pinkish when they first appear, becoming smooth and deep green 
above and remaining hoary pubescent beneath; petioles 0.5-2 cm. 
(14-84 inch) long; acorns nearly sessile, solitary or in pairs; nut 
ovoid or subglobose, about 1 em. (8% inch) long, rounded at both 
ends, slightly hairy, enclosed from 1/3-14 its length in the cup- 
shaped cup; cup rounded at the base, shiny and usually with a few 
hairs on the inside; scales blunt, reddish-brown and hairy except 
on the darker colored margin. 
Distribution. Pennsylvania and Wisconsin south to Georgia and 
west to Arkansas. Found throughout Indiana. Rare to very rare 
in the northern part and may be wanting in a few counties. 
In Wells County a few trees are found on the low border of a pond 
near the lake in Jackson Township which is the only place it is 
found in the county. It occurs more frequently in the southern 
counties, and in the southwestern counties it becomes more or less 
frequent, being associated with the black oak in dry, sandy or 
sterile soil, and with the pin oak in moist soil. In our area it is a 
medium sized tree, usually not very tall. 
The published records of the distribution are as follows: Cass 
(Benedict and Elrod); Clark (Baird and Taylor) and (Smith); Clay 
(Wilson); Delaware (Phinney); Delaware, Jay, Randolph and Wayne 
(Phinney); Franklin (Meyncke); Gibson (Schneck); Hamilton (Wil- 
son); Knox (Ridgway); Kosciusko (Clark); Miami (Gorby); Noble 
(Van Gorder); Posey (Schneck); Putnam (Wilson); Steuben (Brad- 
ner); Vigo (Blatchley) ; Wabash (Benedict and Elrod). 
Additional records are: Jefferson (J. M. Coulter) and (Young); 
Posey (MacDougal and Wright); Tippecanoe (Coulter); Clark, Du- 
bois, Gibson, Kosciusko, Sullivan, Vermillion, Warren and Wells 
(Deam). 
Economic uses. Wood inferior and uses similar to that of the 
red oak. 
17. Quercus marylandica Muenchhausen. Buack JAck Oak. 
Plate 60. Bark deeply divided into plates about 2-7 em. (1-38 inches) 
long, branchlets stout, at first covered with a coat of light brown 
hairs, becoming scurfy-pubescent, reddish-brown, and finally smooth 
or nearly so, ashy gray or brown; winter buds narrow ovoid, about 
6 mm. (14 inch) long, sharp-pointed, light or reddish brown, cov- 
ered with brown hairs; leaves broadly obovate, on petioles 0.5-3 cm. 
