137 
Franklin (Haymond) and (Meyncke); Gibson (Schneck); Hamilton 
(Wilson); Jay (M’Caslin); Jefferson (Young); Knox (Ridgway); 
Kosciusko (Youse); Marion (Wilson); Miami (Gorby); Noble (Van 
Gorder); Parke (Hobbs); Posey (Schneck); Putnam (Wilson); Steu- 
ben (Bradner); Vigo (Blatchley); Wabash (Benedict and Elrod); 
Wayne (Petry and Markle). 
Additional records are: Putnam (Grimes) and (MacDougal); 
Tippecanoe (Coulter) and (Dorner); Blackford, Crawford, Posey, 
Steuben and Wells (Deam). 
Economic uses. Wood hard, tough, fibrous, flexible, difficult to 
split. Warps very much on seasoning. Principally used for slack 
cooperage. Also for agricultural implements, furniture, hubs, 
crates, basket handles, trunk slats, veneer cores, stable floors, staves 
and heading. ‘Takes stains better perhaps than any of our native 
woods and when varnished makes a good imitation of oak, mahog- 
any or walnut. 
Horticultural value. It is a favorite for shade tree planting, easily 
propagated, grows rapidly, adapted to wet, moist or fairly dry soils, 
very variable in form, usually developing a vase shaped crown with 
large arching branches and numerous gracefully drooping branch- 
lets, leaf pericd long, long lived. Recently in a few localities its 
use for shade tree purposes has been discouraged on account of the 
elm borer and elm-leaf beetle. 
2. Ulmus fulva Michaux. Stippery Erm. Rep Exim. Plate 62. 
Bark deeply fissured, reddish-brown; twigs round, grayish or light 
brown, rough, pubescent; buds a dark chestnut-brown, covered with 
rusty-brown hairs; leaves ovate-oblong, 10-15 cm. (4-6 inches) long, 
sharply double-serrate, with callous-tipped teeth, hairy on both sur- 
faces when they unfold, becoming at maturity thick, dark green, 
very rough above, paler and rough and more or less pubescent be- 
neath, yellow before falling, fragrant when dried and remaining so 
for years; fruit ripening when the leaves are about one-half grown, 
on short pedicels about 3 mm. (1% inch) long, jointed near the base. 
Distribution. Basin of St. Lawrence River south to Florida and 
west to North Dakota, Nebraska and Kansas. Found in limited 
numbers in all parts of Indiana. It is adapted to a rich moist soil 
and is found in drier situations than the white elm. It is associ- 
ated with the sugar maple, beech, white ash, linn and yellow poplar, 
and is generally frequent where these species are rather abundant. 
A tree 20-25 m. (65-80 feet) high and 3-6 dm. (1-2 feet) in diameter. 
The published records of the distribution are as follows: Car- 
roll (Thompson); Clark (Baird and Taylor) and (Smith); Dearborn 
